The relationship between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age

A large literature demonstrates the direct and indirect influence of health on socioeconomic attainment, and reveals the ways in which health and socioeconomic background simultaneously and dynamically affect opportunities for attainment and mobility. Despite an increasing understanding of the effects of health on social processes, research to date remains limited in its conceptualization and measurement of the temporal dimensions of health, especially in the presence of socioeconomic circumstances that covary with health over time. Guided by life course theory, we use data from the British National Child Development Study, an ongoing panel study of a cohort born in 1958, to examine the association between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age. We apply finite mixture modeling to identify distinct trajectories of health that simultaneously account for timing, duration and stability. Moreover, we employ propensity score weighting models to account for the presence of time-varying socioeconomic factors in estimating the impact of health trajectories. We find that, when poor health is limited to the childhood years, the disadvantage in socioeconomic attainment relative to being continuously healthy is either insignificant or largely explained by time-varying socioeconomic confounders. The socioeconomic impact of continuously deteriorating health over the life course is more persistent, however. Our results suggest that accounting for the timing, duration and stability of poor health throughout both childhood and adulthood is important for understanding how health works to produce social stratification. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between confounding and mediating effects of time-varying socioeconomic circumstances.     

物理学革命中的哲学论战——纪念爱因斯坦逝世50周年

在19世纪末20世纪初的物理学革命中,从X射线、放射性和电子等重大发现,到相对论和量子力学的相继创建,使得物理学基本观念发生了根本变革,并对一系列物理学哲学问题展开了激烈争论。本文对物理学革命中的哲学论战进行述评,旨在深化科学哲学界对这一时期物理学哲学问题的系统研究,并以此纪念爱因斯坦逝世50周年。     

Women's Changing Attitudes Toward Divorce, 1974–2002: Evidence for an Educational Crossover

This article examines trends in divorce attitudes of young adult women in the United States by educational attainment from 1974 to 2002. Women with 4‐year college degrees, who previously had the most permissive attitudes toward divorce, have become more restrictive in their attitudes toward divorce than high school graduates and women with some college education, whereas women with no high school diplomas have increasingly permissive attitudes toward divorce. We examine this educational crossover in divorce attitudes in the context of variables correlated with women's educational attainment, including family attitudes and religion, income and occupational prestige, and family structure. We conclude that the educational crossover in divorce attitudes is associated most strongly with work and family structure variables.     

善意取得制度研究

善意取得制度意在对特定类型的非正常的利益变动,做出价值判断,进行利益衡平。那么,善意取得制度对何种类型非正常的利益变动进行衡平?又是如何进行衡平的呢?这就引出了善意取得制度的构成要件及其效力问题。笔者正是从这两方面着手对善意取得制度基础理论和实践应用提供一孔之见。     

深化物理教学改革培养消防创新人才

二十一世纪,消防部队面临着打赢形形色色火灾战斗和各种各样抢险救援战斗,而物理学知识在消防战斗中具有广泛的应用,可以说,物理学是现代消防发展的生命线。作为物理教学,则是学习和掌握物理知识的重要手段。面对消防部队院校战士学员在知识掌握不到位和对学习认识不到位的现状,为了能使学员扎实掌握物理学科知识,培养出消防创新人才,提出了从实施素质教育、改变教学内容及方法、优化教育环境三方面对物理教学进行改革的改革措施。     

大学物理在工科基础课教学中的地位

从多方面叙述基础课的难度和重要性,以及鼓励教师和改善教学的一些方法.     

高校扩招后物理实验教学改革初探

针对高校扩招后学生人数增加与物理实验用房及设备数量、实验指导教师人数相对减少的矛盾 ,结合物理实验教学实践 ,从教育内容、教学方法、教学手段及考核制度四个方面提出了改革方案。     

从业者、素养、才能:职业与专业视野下的清代讼师

清代讼师从业者多为未仕的各类生员,士子多因屡试不第、仕途稽滞而从事讼师之业,国家法律不能禁绝;讼师通晓律例、熟悉例案,法律素养较高;做举子时的经史素养,也使讼师们善用经史资料助讼,以附会通行于官员中的情理断案风习,且成功率较高;讼师熟悉官场、通晓世情和讼案症结,对案件定性准确,能够给当事人提供有效而高明的建议;其利用官员心理、作风,也具长技。讼师作为职业的存在,是专业服务需求的需要,也是官府与百姓之间知识系统沟通的需要。     

中专物理教学路在何方

中专物理教学的困境有其客观的原因,只有从教学内容和教学对象两方面去考虑,充分地了解和应用服务意识,才能够摸索出一条走出困境的路。     

Trauma Events, Residence in Refugee Camps, and Educational Attainment as Predictors of Trauma Symptoms of Albanian Refugees in Macedonia

Adult members of 79 Albanian families who had fled from Kosovo to Macedonia during the immediate postwar period (June–August 1999) were interviewed. In conjunction with therapeutic intervention, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GTQ) were administered. Trauma symptoms as measured by the HTQ and psychological distress as measured by the GHQ were highly correlated. The best predictor of psychological distress was severity of the trauma experienced. Refugees with high educational attainment had fewer trauma symptoms than those with lower educational attainment. Refugees who lived with host families in towns showed fewer trauma symptoms than those who lived in camps, but they were also more highly educated. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested that educational attainment may mediate the effect of place of residence. Educational attainment may be an indicator of resourceful and effective coping strategies that ameliorate the effects of trauma.