Field of study variation throughout the college pipeline and its effect on the earnings gap: Differences between ethnic and immigrant groups in Israel

This study demonstrates the analytical leverage gained from considering the entire college pipeline—including the application, admission and graduation stages—in examining the economic position of various groups upon labor market entry. The findings, based on data from three elite universities in Israel, reveal that the process that shapes economic inequality between different ethnic and immigrant groups is not necessarily cumulative. Field of study stratification does not expand systematically from stage to stage and the position of groups on the field of study hierarchy at each stage is not entirely explained by academic preparation. Differential selection and attrition processes, as well as ambition and aspirations, also shape the position of ethnic groups in the earnings hierarchy and generate a non-cumulative pattern. These findings suggest that a cross-sectional assessment of field of study inequality at the graduation stage can generate misleading conclusions about group-based economic inequality among workers with a bachelor’s degree.     

传统科技视野下的恐怖主义及其应对

科学技术的发展及其被恶意运用,使当代的恐怖主义活动变得更加复杂多样和令人恐慌.掌握和使用高科技的超级恐怖主义组织的确存在,但对于一般恐怖分子而言,高科技的运用还不大现实.多数情况下,都是传统通用科技引导着普通的恐怖主义活动.恐怖活动与传统通用科技相伴发展的历史事实,表明传统通用科技对恐怖主义与反击恐怖主义双重力量扩张所起的作用,具体体现在武器技术、交通运输和通信技术的应用等方面.科学技术既是恐怖主义盛行的因素,也是恐怖主义的克星,运用高科技手段反击恐怖主义也是我们的必然选择.     

A Risk-Based Method for Modeling Traffic Fatalities

We describe a risk-based analytical framework for estimating traffic fatalities that combines the probability of a crash and the probability of fatality in the event of a crash. As an illustrative application, we use the methodology to explore the role of vehicle mix and vehicle prevalence on long-run fatality trends for a range of transportation growth scenarios that may be relevant to developing societies. We assume crash rates between different road users are proportional to their roadway use and estimate case fatality ratios (CFRs) for the different vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-pedestrian combinations. We find that in the absence of road safety interventions, the historical trend of initially rising and then falling fatalities observed in industrialized nations occurred only if motorization was through car ownership. In all other cases studied (scenarios dominated by scooter use, bus use, and mixed use), traffic fatalities rose monotonically. Fatalities per vehicle had a falling trend similar to that observed in historical data from industrialized nations. Regional adaptations of the model validated with local data can be used to evaluate the impacts of transportation planning and safety interventions, such as helmets, seat belts, and enforcement of traffic laws, on traffic fatalities.     

西气东输工程对中西部地区经济与社会协调发展效益考查

和谐社会的构建,其核心是经济和社会的协调发展,而区域经济的协调发展是实现我国经济与社会协调发展必须解决的问题。针对改革中出现的区域差距不断扩大的趋势,党中央适时地提出了西部大开发战略。西气东输工程是实施西部大开发的标志性工程,它的建设有效地促进了中西部地区经济和社会的协调发展,对于促进东中西三类地区社会的整体进步和稳定以及加快我国和谐社会建设的进程具有重要的意义。     

协同运输管理运行机制研究

协同运输管理是在CPFR基础上发展起来的一种供应链管理方法。它通过降低供应链中的运输成本、缩短商品交付时间和提高准时交货率,实现供应链价值的最大化。协同运输管理的有效实施,需要建立完善的运行机制,包括动力机制、约束机制、实际行为和惩罚机制,并配备相应的软硬件条件。     

中国交通运输业发展的实证研究

采用协整和误差纠正模型与方法，对中国改革开放20多年来交通运输发展与一些相关影响因素之间的关系进行实证研究。结果表明：旅客运输需求与国民收入、乘车费用之间，货物运输与国民经济、燃油价格之间分别存在长期稳定关系。研究认为：中国交通的发展应适当超前于国民经济的发展。同时，研究还发现：“旅游黄金周”的实施并不是促进中国旅客运输需求的显著影响因素。     

论公路客运承运人对旅客伤亡的损害赔偿责任

通过把《合同法》有关承运人对旅客伤亡的损害赔偿责任之规定与公路客运实践相结合的办法 ,论述公路客运承运人的义务和相应法律责任 ,达到对公路运输企业以启迪的目的     

关于改进我国天然气管输定价方式的探讨

探索了我国现行天然气管输运价形成机制严重背离天然气市场发育的弊端，进而提出与国际接轨的建议，即通过分别确定管输企业年度应收服务费和按两部制设计用户运价率来制定管输价格。     

信息条件下的城市运输规划方法

交通网络中信息的引入,改变了以往人们的出行行为。常规的出行需求预测模型在信息条件下,需要进行合理改进。本文提出了将传统的出行产生模型与动态交通模拟模型集成进行信息条件下的城市运输规划研究的一种新的方法框架     

上海经济与交通运输：解释及其检验

回顾了建国50多年以来上海经济的发展和交通运输的基本情况。通过实证研究分析了交通运输 对于上海经济发展的贡献,试图为上海大都市和经济中心的建设提供实证支持。