Consumption and poverty in the homes of the English poor,c. 1670–1834

The consumer behaviour of the poor in the long eighteenth century has attracted more historical attention in recent years. Yet, we have little understanding of whether regional factors affected consumption or how the poor’s ownership of household goods was influenced by level of poverty and the life-cycle. By focusing on Kent and drawing comparisons to other counties, this article argues that the material lives of the poor were improving by the late eighteenth century, but finds that there were distinct regional differences as the poor acquired more and better goods in London and the Home Counties than in relatively remote areas. Moreover, by using pauper inventories and labourers’ probate inventories, the research finds that the poor were not a homogeneous group with similar levels of material wealth, but should be considered in terms of different subgroups which often led very different material lives to one another due to life-cycle-related problems including sickness and old age. Labourers’ probate inventories are found to represent a minority of the poor who were materially richer than most, whilst pauper inventories appear to represent a more typical subgroup of the poor that struggled to make do and owned most types of goods in smaller numbers.     

广西贫困地区村级寄宿制完全小学基本建设研究

台湾影光基金会在广西贫困地区捐助的 14所村级寄宿制完全小学的基本建设体现了“学校即社会 ,生活即教育 ,村民是学校的主人”的办学宗旨 ,与国家的《农村中小学基本建设试行标准》进行比较 ,作为“社区文化中心”的寄宿制学校的基本硬件应包括教室、师生宿舍、多功能厅和厕所浴室等基建参数的指标 ,在基本建设中应遵循校舍建设优先、满足社会需求、村校合作、村民共管等 8项原则     

宋代绍兴城镇发展简论

宋代绍兴地区城镇已得到初步发展 ,并呈现出城市化趋势 ,其原因是社会经济发展、人口增长和交通发达。这一时期城镇的发展 ,无论是数量、规模 ,还是经济发展状况、市镇管理等 ,均居于浙江地区的前列 ,为明清时期的进一步繁荣奠定了基础。但各地城镇的发展又是不平衡的 ,显示了一定的地区差异 ,并从城镇居民的生活中 ,反映出社会的贫富现象。     

基于人文关怀的高校贫困学生资助策略思考

在我国高等教育迅速发展的过程中,高校家庭经济困难的学生数量也在大幅增加,贫困生现象日益凸显。本文通过分析高校贫困生的状况及需求,并试图从人文关怀的层面探讨当前如何更好地推进高校贫困生工作。     

高校学生欠费问题及解决思路探析

高校贫困生是指那些在校学习期间,因家庭经济状况支付学费和生活费比较困难甚至无力支付学费和保障最低生活费的学生。高校贫困生问题是当前我国高等教育事业发展中的焦点问题之一,也是社会各界广泛关注的热点问题之一。     

Poor Mothers and Habits of Hiding: Participatory Methods in Poverty Research

Poor mothers have long‐standing habits of hiding their lives in response to punitive authorities and stigma. We identify practices of hiding daily life, and we describe participatory research approaches for and ethical concerns in learning more about poor women's critical insights and survival strategies.     

易地扶贫搬迁安置社区的紧张与化解

易地扶贫搬迁安置社区的制度设计,是一种用城市生活取代传统乡土社会生活的逻辑。落实在社区治理实践之中,则常见到形式各异的紧张,主要表现为移民的日常生活与制度之间产生的对立与冲突。以“制度与生活”分析框架解释,能够发现易地扶贫搬迁安置社区治理紧张的原因、表现及正式制度推行的路径依赖。化解易地扶贫搬迁安置社区的治理紧张,一方面正式制度要以开放和包容的态度正视移民搬迁群体的正常诉求,及时进行自我变革;另一方面易地扶贫搬迁社区群众要主动接受制度的规约,尽快实现由传统生活向现代生活的转变。     

新贫困视域下乡村转型的困厄与重构路径

中国社会转型的重要背景之一是全球消费社会的到来。 这使得新穷人现象日渐凸显,并成为影响甚至主导整个社会转型的核心线索。 作为新穷人的典型表现,乡村新贫困既包括在城乡二元结构下,村民难以获得以城市生活方式为参照的社会公认生活水准而引发的结构性贫困,也包括由消费欲望激发的社会心理性贫困。 由此,乡村消费转型表现为如下困境:私人消费中,个体消费认同在地和脱嵌的困境以及家庭消费规范物质化和人伦的两难;集体消费中,消费品“上移冶和“下乡冶的悖论。 为应对这些困境,必须从消费角度,破解“新穷困冶的结构性和文化困境,实行新型城镇化和新农村建设并举。     

贫困农户脱贫主体性不足的发生逻辑

“干部积极干，农户站边看”的贫困群体脱贫逆化现象影响着农村社会的健康发展和脱贫攻坚工作的高效开展。通过田野调查发现，贫困农户脱贫主体性不足的发生逻辑首先在于小农理性下受利益驱使的农户形成争当贫困户的“自愿型贫困”，造成贫困农户“不愿”脱贫；其次，贫困农户在贫困识别、资源匹配和脱贫行动选择方面因决策受限形成“边缘化治贫”，造成农户的“不能”脱贫；最后，贫困农户受贫困文化影响导致“精神贫困”，造成贫困农户的“内卷化脱贫”。因此，需要从增加贫困农户脱贫意愿和强化贫困农户内生脱贫能力两个维度来构建贫困农户的有效脱贫主体性。     

Intimate Violence in Lesbian Relationships

This paper describes the findings of a survey of 1109 lesbians who attended the Women's Music Festival held in Michigan in carly August 1985. The primary objectives of the study were to document the incidence of domestic violence in a non-random sample of lesbian relationships; to identify and describe the types of domestic violence experienced and/or perpetrated; and to ascertain thc availability and accessibility of community helping resources to survivors and perpetrators after an abusive episode. Comparisons with domestic violence in heterosexual relationships are also made, followed by a discussion on the research and practice implications of the findings.