浅谈对企业偷逃增值税的识别及审计对策

市场经济体制的建立和完善需要一个过程。在这一过程中,出现了一些企业偷逃增值税的现象,这不但直接破坏了国家的税收政策和税收管理,而且严重干扰了社会经济秩序。这里针对这些企业在经营中所运用的虚增进项税额、少计销项税额,或者通过账外经营和转移价外收入等不同的偷逃增值税手段进行分析,归纳总结出了其识别的方法,并在此基础上提出了相应的审计对策。     

Are VAT reforms an effective tool for promoting culture? A quasi-experiment in Spain

Sponsoring culture is a long-term profit-generating investment that public policy makers can achieve by means of Pigouvian subsidy or tax schemes. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the three VAT reforms implemented between 2012 and 2018 (one tax raise reform and two tax cut reforms) in the cultural sector in Spain. We first provide visual evidence and empirical estimates of the tax shifting and the distribution of the VAT burden between consumers and producers. We then use a regression discontinuity design to assess the causal effects of these VAT reforms on performing acts and cinema consumption (both in the extensive and the intensive margin). Several interesting findings arise from our results. First, we find that producers only passed through 45% of the VAT cut to consumer prices. Second, the effect of the 2017 VAT reduction on performing arts slightly increased the number of households consuming these cultural services, whereas the 2018 tax cut on cinema had no significant effect in the number of moviegoers (extensive margin). Third, the cultural spending per household conditional on participation (intensive margin) increased after the two VAT rate reductions. Finally, we test for asymmetries in pass-through with respect to the 2012 tax raise and we find (i) no evidence of prices responding more strongly to increases than to decreases in VAT, (ii) a symmetric response of the number of households consuming these cultural services, and (iii) an asymmetric response of the average cultural spending conditional on participation.     

以现代服务业为视角:“营改增”全面试行后存在的问题探析及建议

减税是当前世界税制改革的主线,随着营业税改征增值税工作的展开,我国结构性减税政策也逐步发挥了对我国现代服务业发展的积极作用。本文通过密切跟踪营改增自2013年8月1日全面试行后的运行情况,研究分析营业税改增值税后续改革进程中推行政策的难点,找出存在问题的症结,提出符合实际、切实可行的解决方案,为进一步深化财税改革提出建议。     

从西方增值税的产生与发展谈我国增值税制的进一步完善

生产型增值税制已不适应我国市场经济的发展,尤其制约了企业投资和技术更新的增长;现行生产型增值税制作用的行业范围不全面,影响了三产业的平衡增长;税率结构的不合理导致不同纳税主体的苦乐不均;税收征管方式的落后致使国家财政收入大量流失。本文从税制类型、行业范围、税率结构以及税收管理等方面全面阐述我国现行增值税制度存在的问题,并提出了自己的观点。     

“营改增”后融资租赁企业税负分析及涉税风险规避

融资租赁是具有融资与融物双重功能的一种特殊金融交易,我国营业税改征增值税对融资租赁业的发展产生了很大影响。营业税改征增值税后,融资租赁业整体税负下降,但是由于政策不断变更,融资租赁企业难以准确掌握税收政策的变化。同时由于营业税改征增值税相关政策在细节上存在诸多不确定性,融资租赁企业在进行纳税筹划时容易产生涉税风险。针对融资租赁业如何结合最新的税收政策,做好税务方面的筹划与风险防范以促进融资租赁业健康发展进行研究,具有重要的现实意义。     

增值税减税能否提高制造业企业全要素生产率？——基于增值税税率下调事件的经验研究

深化税制改革是激发市场主体活力、加快制造业转型、实现经济高质量发展的重要路径。基于2016—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,研究了2018年和2019年增值税税率下调对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,增值税减税提高了制造业企业的全要素生产率。异质性分析结果显示,对于市场竞争地位高、国有产权、处于成熟期以及高市场化地区的企业而言,增值税减税对全要素生产率的提升效应显著。渠道分析表明,研发投入、人力资本投入以及资本配置效率是增值税减税影响企业全要素生产率的主要渠道。因此,政府部门应继续深化增值税改革,缩小制造业与其他行业的税率差异,切实减轻制造业企业税收负担,同时应加大对民营、初创等弱势企业的财政扶持力度,全面提高各类企业的全要素生产率。     

虚开增值税专用发票犯罪若干问题研究

虚开增值税专用发票犯罪给国家经济造成的损失极为巨大 ,且愈演愈烈 ,如何控制、减少本罪成为刑法学的重要课题。由于该罪较强的专业性 ,我国刑法理论对该罪的研究尚不充分。本文对该罪的几个重要疑难问题进行了初步探讨。自然人为实施虚开增值税专用发票而设立单位或单位设立后以虚开增值税专用发票为业或为其主要活动的 ,不能认定为单位犯罪 ,应当以自然人犯罪论处。如实代开行为仅属于一般违法行为 ,应当将小规模纳税人在经济活动中请人如实代开的行为非犯罪化。第二百零五条第一款的规定和第二款并不矛盾 ,适用第二款的条件是行为人虚开行为是否给国家利益造成特别重大损失。单纯进行了虚开行为的犯罪分子只要导致国家巨额税款被骗 ,情节特别严重 ,同样可以判处死刑     

建筑业企业营改增税收筹划--以某上市建筑公司为例

2016年5月1日起建筑业企业全面实施"营改增".在此背景下,本文从理论上分析了建筑业企业税收征管状况以及建筑业企业实施营改增面临的挑战,并以上市建筑公司为例,对2013年和2014年财务数据进行测算并分析"营改增"前后税负的变化,结果表明公司在短期内会产生盈利能力下降,并且因投资不均衡性、增值税是否可抵扣等情况导致综合税收负担变化较大,针对上述研究结果提出建筑业企业税收筹划的建议.     

Mental accounting of income tax and value added tax among self-employed business owners

Mental accounting describes a series of cognitive operations that help organize financial activities and facilitate money management. Self-employed taxpayers who make use of a separate mental account for future income tax payments or collected value added tax (VAT) might find it easier to declare their taxes correctly than taxpayers who do not. This study used a questionnaire to investigate whether self-employed taxpayers (N = 350) use mental accounting to manage their income tax and VAT obligations, whether mental accounting relates to tax knowledge, business and personality characteristics, and to what extent mental accounting is related to intended tax behavior. Our results reveal that some taxpayers mentally segregate taxes from turnover (segregators) while others do not (integrators). We found small differences in mental accounting between income taxes and VAT. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses suggested that tax knowledge and mental accounting are distinct constructs. Segregation of taxes was related to lower impulsivity and more positive attitudes toward taxation. Individuals who stated they segregate taxes due from turnover more often claimed to run financially prosperous businesses. Mental accounting was not related to intentions of evading taxes, but individuals with higher mental accounting scores reported more pronounced levels of tax planning. While our research design does not allow drawing causal inferences, these findings could suggest that increasing self-employed taxpayers’ ability to organize their financial activities might be a promising strategy to strengthen the competitiveness of their businesses.     

关于我国增值税类型转换的分析

现行生产型增值税在其运行过程中存在诸多问题 ,如没有完全解决重复征税 ,不利于企业技术创新、技术改造和我国进出口贸易的发展 ,以及对增值税抵扣链条的完整性也带来影响。所以 ,实现增值税转型已成必然 ,建议实行消费型增值税。在具体操作上要考虑分类、分步实施的办法 ,并要注意简化税率 ,公平对待两类纳税人和加强增值税征收管理