刑事违法观与犯罪构成关系论

按照主观违法论而加以建构的传统犯罪构成理论有别于按客观违法论建构的大陆法系犯罪论体系,两者有着不同的研究进路和研究方法。主观违法论强调有责之违法,行为人的主观罪过、客观的危害行为、刑事责任能力都是违法的构成要素,这种因人而异的违法观不能很好地为司法实践提供理论根据。从主观违法论立场出发,我们不可能从构成要件其中一个方面单独地判断违法性是否存在,传统犯罪构成理论将犯罪构成要件定位于反映行为社会危害性的事实特征,因此,犯罪构成只反映定罪结论,不反映定罪过程。     

析我国刑法第十三条之规定

犯罪概念 ,大致上可以分为形式概念、实质概念及混合概念。我国刑法第十三条规定的是犯罪的混合概念 ,这一混合概念存在着逻辑上的缺陷 ,欠缺明确性和可操作性。文章就如何更为科学地定义犯罪 ,完善我国刑法第十三条作了初步探讨     

一种违法性认识理论的新主张及其在涉林案件犯罪故意认定中的具体运用

以社会危害性认识为参照,将我国学者关于违法性认识在犯罪故意中的地位的诸多观点归纳为单一说、兼容说和主次说三类。在批评和借鉴上述观点的基础上,提出了"社会危害性认识为主,违法性认识可能性为辅说"的新主张,并对其在涉林案件犯罪故意认定中的具体运用进行了讨论。     

网络购物中“好评返现”行为的法律规制

网络购物中“好评返现”行为包括显性的好评返现和隐性的好评返现两种形式.它是代替“花钱买虚假好评”的一种新型竞争方式.然而,它确属于一种不正当竞争行为.经营者采取“好评返现”行为侵犯消费者的知情权,给消费者附加不合理的条件.经营者利用“好评返现”行为进行虚假宣传和不当的附赠促销,对经营者自身和消费者都产生了不良影响.为了维护良好的市场竞争机制,首先,应该完善相关的法律禁止这种行为,其次,完善网络购物平台和加强消费者的责任意识,使之失去存在的空间.     

Mexican illegality,black citizenship,and white power: immigrant perceptions of the U.S. socioracial hierarchy

While some scholars contend that immigrant integration is predicated on a strategic distancing from Blacks and closeness to Whites, others argue that highly racialised immigrants share more commonality with Black Americans than Whites. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Mexican immigrant newcomers to Los Angeles, California, this article examines how immigrants make sense of their position in U.S. socioracial hierarchy vis-à-vis other racialised groups. I show that as immigrants navigate U.S. social, racial, and political landscapes, they come to view ‘American-ness’ and the citizenship status inherent in it as a key marker of distinction between themselves and those they deem ‘American’. Immigrants thus view their group status as an inferior one relative not only to the dominant White group, but also to Black Americans, albeit for qualitatively different reasons. Findings highlight how the vulnerability of ‘illegality’ not only reinforces existing social boundaries with Whites, but also shapes the nature of socioracial boundaries with Black Americans that can hinder the potential for racial solidarity and has broader implications for the U.S. socioracial hierarchy.     

Europe's failed ‘fight’ against irregular migration: ethnographic notes on a counterproductive industry

Despite Europe's mass investments in advanced border controls, people keep arriving along the continent's shores under desperate circumstances. European attempts to ‘secure’ or ‘protect’ the borders have quite clearly failed, as politicians themselves increasingly recognise – yet more of the same response is again rolled out in response to the escalating ‘refugee crisis’. Amid the deadlock, this article argues that we need to grasp the mechanics and logics of the European ‘border security model’ in order to open up for a change of course. Through ethnographic examples from the Spanish-African borders, the article shows how the striving for border security under a prevailing emergency frame has generated absurd incentives, negative path dependencies and devastating consequences. At Europe's frontiers, an industry of border controls has emerged, involving European defence contractors, member state security forces and their African counterparts, as well as a range of non-security actors. Whenever another ‘border crisis’ occurs, this industry grows again, feeding on its own apparent ‘failures’. This vicious cycle may be broken, the article concludes, once policy-makers start curtailing the economies of border security underpinning it – yet the challenges are formidable as the industry retrenches along with the political response to the drama it has itself produced.     

犯罪本质特征检讨和重构

按照通说社会危害性是犯罪的本质特征,其地位和作用在刑法中是举足轻重的,但现在却已经受到诟病.在批判把社会危害性和刑事违法性作为犯罪的本质特征的基础上提出,犯罪的本质特征应是应受刑罚惩罚性.     

大陆法系违法性理论的开放性启示

大陆法系违法性理论存在的法理根基是对个人自由独立性的保障,此亦是该理论所要求和体现的价值,其新客观违法性理论弥补了主观违法性理论与旧客观违法性理论在解决实际问题时所表现出来的缺陷与矛盾。行为无价值是以结果无价值作为自身存在的基础,这对我国目前的刑法犯罪论体系的改革与重构具有十分重要的现实意义。具体来说,在司法过程中仍应坚持"以结果无价值为基础的行为无价值二元论",这是由法制社会所要求的形式合理性所决定的。     

刑事制定法与习惯法冲突之解决--论法教义学视野下习惯法的运行逻辑

法教义学的路径可以缓解当前司法人员面对刑事制定法与习惯法冲突时所面临的尴尬。法教义学视野下习惯法的运行逻辑主要通过对犯罪成立要件的判断来实现。习惯法于规范构成要件要素和开放的构成要件的认定中具有较大运行空间,但为保证构成要件的定型性,在构成要件解释时,其他要素或要件的解释应尽可能排除习惯法的影响。在违法性判断阶段,习惯法的判断主要是借助社会相当性理论来实现。由于违法的判断是实质的、具体的,故习惯法在此的判断应当结合具体个案分析。在有责性判断中,违法性认识尽管于理论上是习惯法出罪的一条路径,但实际功用很小,更合适的路径应是期待可能性的判断。然目前对期待可能性之理解过于偏狭,应依规范责任论对这一理论进行适当重构。     

内幕交易罪之规范理论的比较研究——以美、日与中国台湾地区为对象

由于内幕交易行为在外观上与一般的证券买卖交易并无不同,但刑法上却将内幕交易行为当作犯罪来处罚,所以对于其刑事规范理论的依据何在值得探讨。但是因为内幕交易具有内部性,对于内幕人员获知与利用内幕信息的内幕交易行为,在区别究竟属于合法的证券投资与违法的内幕交易时就产生了难点。因此有必要借鉴美、日与中国台湾地区等关于内幕交易罪的刑事规制经验,从立法与司法实践方面来探讨内幕交易罪的刑事规范理论基础,以澄清内幕人员与内幕信息的规制范围与犯罪构成特征。