Statistical testing strategies for assessing treatment efficacy and marker accuracy in phase III trials

When a candidate predictive marker is available, but evidence on its predictive ability is not sufficiently reliable, all‐comers trials with marker stratification are frequently conducted. We propose a framework for planning and evaluating prospective testing strategies in confirmatory, phase III marker‐stratified clinical trials based on a natural assumption on heterogeneity of treatment effects across marker‐defined subpopulations, where weak rather than strong control is permitted for multiple population tests. For phase III marker‐stratified trials, it is expected that treatment efficacy is established in a particular patient population, possibly in a marker‐defined subpopulation, and that the marker accuracy is assessed when the marker is used to restrict the indication or labelling of the treatment to a marker‐based subpopulation, ie, assessment of the clinical validity of the marker. In this paper, we develop statistical testing strategies based on criteria that are explicitly designated to the marker assessment, including those examining treatment effects in marker‐negative patients. As existing and developed statistical testing strategies can assert treatment efficacy for either the overall patient population or the marker‐positive subpopulation, we also develop criteria for evaluating the operating characteristics of the statistical testing strategies based on the probabilities of asserting treatment efficacy across marker subpopulations. Numerical evaluations to compare the statistical testing strategies based on the developed criteria are provided.     

对马尔可夫测度的研究

给出了马尔可夫测度定义，讨论了马尔可夫测度的一部分性质     

在位相空间中求解外力含时的受迫量子谐振子

运用广义线性量子变换理论 ,在位相空间中通过算子的代数运算求解外力含时的受迫谐振子 ,给出了演化算子、演化算子矩阵元和波函数的表示式 .     

我国高校文科学报的“当代化”论

高校文科学报的“当代化”是相对于时下盛行的“现代化”而言的。它是根据我国高校文科学报的发生及其发展历程的阶段性特征 ,以及“当代化”所蕴涵的人类文明进程的阶段性定位和“与时俱进”的时代性体现的科学内涵而提出来的。“当代化”具有现实性和求真性的鲜明特征 ,对于 2 1世纪我国高校文科学报的发展是一种求真务实的选择。     

美国、日本等国教育资助体制及方式

弱势群体不仅存在于经济落后的国家,而且存在于经济发达国家,不仅存在于计划经济体制国家,而且存在于市场经济体制国家。各国政府基于公平和效率的考虑,都把经济困难群体的教育资助视为其基本职责之一。本文对美国、日本、巴西等国政府对弱势群体的教育资助制度和方式进行分析。     

律师在侦查阶段的诉讼地位和作用

律师在侦查阶段介入刑事诉讼不享有辩护人的独立诉讼地位 ,其法律行为具有法律帮助性质 ,主要为犯罪嫌疑人提供法律咨询 ,代理申诉、控告和为犯罪嫌疑人申请取保候审等。这种界定不仅有利于明确律师在侦查阶段的职责 ,也有利于打消认为律师介入侦查将带来太多负效应的顾虑。     

阅读与语篇理解的相关理论分析

阅读是外语教学和学习中的重要环节。阅读不仅是读者知识积累和经验积淀的反映,而且可以构架起作者和读者之间沟通的桥梁。掌握了语篇生成的理论基础和技巧,读者就能在阅读中驾轻就熟地理解作者的意图和观点,从而达到理解语篇的目的。     

ispLSI1016在数字锁相环中的应用

讨论了采用ispLSI1 0 1 6构造数字锁相环的基本方法 ,并给出了分频器、相位比较器和吞脉冲计数器的相应的编码指令     

A sociolinguistic application of Bakhtin's authoritative and internally persuasive discourse

Through the use of two central Bakhtinian concepts, authoritative and internally persuasive discourse (word), this paper examines the tension between the ideology of linguistic hegemony as a source of power in the Greek public sphere and the condition of language shift faced by the Albanian‐speaking communities of modern Greece. I argue here that a cautious application of these two notions, which are relevant to linguistic ideology, can reveal crucial aspects of two processes: that of subordination to and that of questioning of the dominant linguistic ideology by local Albanian‐speaking communities. Thus, in language shift contexts, it is possible that no simple relations obtain that place social agents in unquestionable and easily predictable positions. Such an approach proves useful for the sociolinguistic study of threatened language communities.     

Cu-Ce(La)OX变换催化剂的制备和性能考察

本文对采用共沉淀法制备的Cu-Ce(La)Ox高温变换催化剂进行了研究．首先研究了中和pH值、中和温度、焙烧温度和方式对催化剂性能的影响，其次研究了CuO、CeO2和LaOx含量对催化剂性能的影响．5％CuO-CeO2-La(10％)Ox高温变换催化剂的最佳制备工艺条件为pH=11，中和温度为54℃，400C焙烧4h．催化剂的最佳配比组成为：CuO为20％、CeO2 70％、LaOx 10％．XRD晶相分析表明，5％Cu-Ce-La(10％)Ox催化剂中除了主相CeO2以外，还出现了Cu与La形成的钙钛矿型复合氧化物CuLaO2，且CuLaO2高度均匀地分散在主相CeOx中．还原态中除了CeO2、CuLaO2外，还出现了Cu单质，因此这类催化剂的活性中心不可能是简单的CuLaO2或Cu，从而使催化剂无论氧化态还是还原态都具有基本相同的活性，其活性位形态结构需要进一步研究．