基于互信息的功能磁共振图像配准

互信息作为衡量两幅图像配准的相似性测度函数,当两幅图像配准时,互信息达到最大值。该文提出了基于互信息脑功能磁共振图像配准新方法,采用了无需计算梯度的Powell直接搜索算法,并通过多分辨的方式加快了图像配准速度。磁共振的配准实验证明,互信息法能准确地实现多模态医学图像的配准,并且能达到亚像素的精度。     

基于最大熵谱估计的机载雷达杂波抑制技术

在讨论机载雷达地面杂波的基础上，利用最大熵估计法对机载雷达杂波进行抑制，并引入了ｃｈｏｌｃｓｋｙ分解快速算法求解最大熵谱的ＡＲ模型参数。计算机模拟表明，基于最大熵谱估计的机载雷达杂波抑制技术有很高的谱分辨率，不仅能跟踪主杂波的频率位置而且能跟踪其谱宽度，因而具有较为满意的杂波对消化与改善因子。     

二元序列优化的二种快速算法

基于二相编码雷达对大压缩比信号的要求,提出了一种比直接算法平均提高效率0.5P(P 为序列长度)的快速数字优化方法。作为这种快速算法的实际应用,还对 P=255的二相编码脉冲压缩信号进行了优化。     

降低线性调频脉冲压缩信号旁瓣的方法

讨论线性调频脉冲压缩信号距离旁瓣的抑制。研究如何降低小时带积线性调频信号距离旁瓣电平问题,针对该信号频谱矩形特性差,提出了采用频谱修正方法来提高脉冲压缩信号的主副比。该方法具有全数字式处理特点,适宜使用IMS A100器件实现脉冲压缩处理。计算机模拟结果表明,无论是小时带积还是大时带积的线性调频信号,经谱修正后,脉冲压缩信号的主副比均舍得到提高。     

Identifying Skeleton Curves in Noisy Data

This article presents a Bayesian method to reconstruct the centerline in noisy data using B-spline curves. The method is illustrated on simulated two- and three-dimensional data and is applied to recover the centerline of the colon in single photon emission computed tomography images.     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

Two-dimensional generalisations of dynamic programming for image analysis

Dynamic programming (DP) is a fast, elegant method for solving many one-dimensional optimisation problems but, unfortunately, most problems in image analysis, such as restoration and warping, are two-dimensional. We consider three generalisations of DP. The first is iterated dynamic programming (IDP), where DP is used to recursively solve each of a sequence of one-dimensional problems in turn, to find a local optimum. A second algorithm is an empirical, stochastic optimiser, which is implemented by adding progressively less noise to IDP. The final approach replaces DP by a more computationally intensive Forward-Backward Gibbs Sampler, and uses a simulated annealing cooling schedule. Results are compared with existing pixel-by-pixel methods of iterated conditional modes (ICM) and simulated annealing in two applications: to restore a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, and to warp a pulsed-field electrophoresis gel into alignment with a reference image. We find that IDP and its stochastic variant outperform the remaining algorithms.     

Medicare and Amyloid PET Imaging: The Battle Over Evidence

We examine a recent dispute regarding the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) refusal to unconditionally pay for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for Medicare beneficiaries being assessed for Alzheimer’s disease. CMS will only pay for amyloid PET imaging when patients are enrolled in clinical trials that meet certain criteria. The dispute reflects CMS’s willingness in certain circumstances to require effectiveness evidence that differs from the Food and Drug Administration’s standard for pre-market approval of a medical intervention and reveals how stakeholders with differing perspectives about evidentiary standards have played a role in attempting to shape the Medicare program’s coverage policies.     

数字多声束形成技术

医用超声诊断设备中存在两种声束形成技术。近年来在少数几个高档设备中使用了数字声束形成技术。正交分解是获得复包络信号的幅度和相位的关键，而数字延迟是数字电子聚焦所必须的。文中介绍了数字多声束形成的原理及应用。     

载频解调式脉冲调制器的研制

介绍了一种新型载频解调式栅极脉冲调制器.调制器由2只脉冲变压器、载频调制控制电路、解调与脉冲输出电路组成.调制器采用了内载频脉冲驱动模式,利用了MOSFET的极分布电容对信号的延时作用,通过二极管解调还原调制管触发脉冲,最终输出正负电压的调制脉冲.载频信号频率大于200 kHz,隔离变压器具有尺寸小,绕组匝数少的特点.采用这种模式的调制器,输出脉冲宽度宽、前后沿小、工作比高.详细介绍了基于载频解调式脉冲调制器的应用实例,并对其性能参数进行了测试.