Managing the Risk of Aggressive Dog Behavior: Investigating the Influence of Owner Threat and Efficacy Perceptions

Aggressive behavior in pet dogs is a serious problem for dog owners across the globe, with bite injuries representing a serious risk to both people and other dogs. The effective management of aggressive behavior in dogs represents a challenging and controversial issue. Although positive reinforcement training methods are now considered to be the most effective and humane technique to manage the risk of aggression, punishment‐based methods continue to be used. Unfortunately, there has been little scientific study into the various factors influencing whether dog owners choose to use positive reinforcement techniques to manage aggression in their dogs. As such, current understanding of how best to encourage and support dog owners to use these methods remains extremely limited. This article uses a survey methodology based on protection motivation theory (PMT) to investigate the factors that influence owner use of positive reinforcement methods to manage aggressive behavior, in an attempt to understand potential barriers and drivers of use. In addition, the article provides an initial exploration of the potential role of wider psychological factors, including owner emotional state, social influence, and cognitive bias. Findings show that the perceived efficacy of positive reinforcement methods and the perceived ability of owners to effectively implement the technique are both key factors predicting future intentions and current reported use. Future interventions should focus on enhancing owner confidence in the effective use of positive reinforcement techniques across multiple scenarios, as well as helping owners manage their own emotional responses when they encounter challenging situations and setbacks.     

元代浙东海洋文学初窥——以宁波、舟山地区为中心

由于政治、经济、宗教诸因素的作用,元代浙东海洋文学(以今宁波——舟山地区为中心)一度出现了繁荣景象,并呈现出阶段性发展的特点,其中以中期作品最多,意蕴最为丰富。     

关于农民工类型的思考

改革开放以来,在农民社会分化的基础上,出现了不同类型的农民工。按其居住地和从事职业的不同,可以划分为在乡在土型、在乡离土型、离乡离土型、离乡在土型四种类型。在乡在土型农民工既在家乡附近的企业打工,又经营土地,二者所得为其经济来源;在乡离土型农民工在家乡附近的企业里打工,不再经营土地,完全把打工收入作为经济来源;离乡离土型农民工离开家乡到外地打工,完全和先前的承包地脱离关系,打工收入为其经济来源;离乡在土型农民工虽然离开家乡到外地打工,但家庭承包地仍然经营着,二者所得为其经济来源。文章的目的在于更深入地研究农民工,认识不同类型农民工的特征、存在的主要问题、需求,为有关部门的科学决策提供依据,有效地解决农民工问题。     

墙的变异--试论当代西方建筑流派之变化

任何事物都在发展变化，建筑流派也同样变化着，本文通过对建筑外墙的表象变化的论述，引出建筑流派的变化，阐明这一变化的根源在于建筑哲学的变异，墙的变异可谓当代西方建筑流派变异的“缩影”。     

Is a Reasonable Attempt Reasonable? Shaping Versus Reinforcing Verbal Attempts of Preschoolers with Autism

The effectiveness of a language-training procedure that emphasized reinforcing vocal “reasonable attempts” (any response directed at an interventionist and within a broader class of correct responses) was compared with a procedure that emphasized shaping (reinforcing successive approximations that more closely resembled the target vocalization). Three preschoolers who had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders participated in the study. Data indicated that the children mastered vocal skills more rapidly when they learned through shaping than in the reasonable attempts condition. Implications for teaching children with autism spectrum disorders are discussed.     

浅谈建筑幕墙设计中的成本控制

建筑幕墙成本控制的重点在设计阶段 ,设计方案对成本的控制是决定性的。设计对项目成本的控制是战略性、全局性的 ,而施工过程的管理对项目成本的控制是战术性、局部性的。幕墙设计中如何达到控制成本的目的至关重要。把技术与经济融为一体 ,在设计中既保证幕墙安全、实用、美观 ,又做到控制和降低成本 ,是施工企业适应市场的关键     

家装设计中平面造型设计研究

家居室内环境的立体空间性质,是建立在二维建筑界面上来实施的。在造型中,任何平面造型都是点、线、面的具体组织与再现;要形成美而有视觉冲击力的设计,必须以造型法则巧妙地组合;运用逻辑构思可以拓宽思路,有效地提高设计水平,赋予设计现代的理性特征;墙立面设计要处理好与视觉平衡、肌理的关系。     

唐代壁记研究

壁记属于"记"体文的一种,辞尚体要,文主典雅,以散体为主,兼有骈句,以其载体为名。壁记多书写在台省、州县的厅等办公场所,具有开放性、连续性的特点。作壁记或为劝善戒恶,或为自我儆诫,或为下情上达。研究壁记,对于研究古代散文的传播及古代官制、官职都有一定的意义。     

强化学习型匝道控制模型的研究

高速公路上的交通堵塞造成了道路利用效率低下，并伴随着能源消耗和环境污染问题，因此各种各样的高速公路控制方法应用于缓解交通堵塞。本文提出强化学习型匝道控制模型，该模型以交通流模拟为预测工具，以人工智能的强化学习为最优化选择模型，并具有一定的自主性、有记忆功能和性能反馈功能，且是一种动态的过程。应用JAVA针对不同的交通状态进行模拟再现，模拟结果表明匝道控制模型对于减少交通堵塞具有显著的效果。     

修复与强化:美韩同盟关系的新发展

1953年10月美韩同盟建立至今,两国关系起伏不断,曲折发展。2008年李明博上台后,美韩关系进入"修复"期,2010年3月的"天安号事件"和11月的延坪岛炮击事件为两国关系注入了"固化剂"。美韩同盟的强化是多重因素综合作用的结果,其中既有中国崛起的宏观背景,也与美韩两国出于国家利益的战略选择密切相关,突发事件成为美韩同盟强化的直接动因。美韩同盟关系的新发展对中国东北亚安全利益产生了一些不利影响,如何应对当前的被动局面,有效化解中国与周边国家的矛盾,事关中国和平发展的大局,值得我们认真思考。