艺术是按照美的规律创造的——对张涵“艺术审美本质”的思考

张涵从接受美学、社会学、系统论和美的生成说的角度 ,把艺术看成一个系统、一个历史过程 ,从艺术创造、艺术作品、艺术欣赏的有机联系中考察艺术的本质 ,从而得出审美特性为艺术的本质属性的结论。这一结论无论从艺术原理看 ,还是从艺术实践看 ,都显示出较大的合理性     

游于艺:徐渭的艺术精神

徐渭虽然是明代文坛的边缘人 ,但却代表着明代文学的一种新精神 ,就是以“玩文学”的方式消解“诗言志”、“文载道”的传统。他的诗文创作既非源自某种使命感或道义精神 ,也非社会的写照或干预生活的武器 ,而是一种游戏人生自得其乐的生存方式。他拒绝崇高拒绝深刻 ,化神圣为笑谈 ,化正经为滑稽 ,在明代文学特定的语境中横空出世 ,开启了晚明“独抒性灵”的诗风与文风     

文趣·艺趣·诗趣

面对文坛艺苑中活泼泼的审美现实 ,尝试对文趣、艺趣、诗趣作美学阐释 ,只能是我们的学理选择。     

袁宏道文学思想再认识

明中叶以后 ,以公安三袁为主力的公安派高举“性灵”大旗 ,开创了与“复古”论调大相径庭的一代风气 ,影响甚大。而公安三袁中尤以袁宏道为重 ,袁宏道的文学思想表现在三个方面 :一、识时通变的文学发展观 ;二、“独抒性灵”的创作主张 ;三、“本色轻淡”的艺术趣味。     

趣味有争辩--关于审美趣味的本体论阐释

在以精神生产为主导性生产方式的消费文明中,由于趣味问题已经成为一种和人自身再生产关系最为密切的本体论问题,因此它不可能被冷漠地置之度外;生活中单个人的“吃萝卜”还是“吃白菜”是无可厚非的,但那个在深层决定着人们“如何吃”的语法结构本身无疑是需要辩论的;如果说在古典美学中审美趣味的本体内涵主要是一种由想象力带来的心灵解放作用,那么在后现代的精神再生产中,由于它特别地利用了“反对象化”与“反主体化”这种纯粹欲望与审美趣味表层结构上的相似性,彻底解构了审美趣味固有的带有解放性质的本体论内涵,并最终直接威胁到人自身精神再生产的现实可能性,因而对它的剖析与批判也就具有了重要的现实意义。     

Residual analysis for spatial point processes (with discussion)

Summary.  We define residuals for point process models fitted to spatial point pattern data, and we propose diagnostic plots based on them. The residuals apply to any point process model that has a conditional intensity; the model may exhibit spatial heterogeneity, interpoint interaction and dependence on spatial covariates. Some existing ad hoc methods for model checking (quadrat counts, scan statistic, kernel smoothed intensity and Berman's diagnostic) are recovered as special cases. Diagnostic tools are developed systematically, by using an analogy between our spatial residuals and the usual residuals for (non-spatial) generalized linear models. The conditional intensity λ plays the role of the mean response. This makes it possible to adapt existing knowledge about model validation for generalized linear models to the spatial point process context, giving recommendations for diagnostic plots. A plot of smoothed residuals against spatial location, or against a spatial covariate, is effective in diagnosing spatial trend or co-variate effects. Q – Q -plots of the residuals are effective in diagnosing interpoint interaction.     

对书法生命意象的阐释

书法不是图画,不可能用具体形象来表现生命力,只能通过抽象的文字符号使之成为象征人格的生命,从而使接受者打破心理上静止的平衡状态,在信息流中涌起情感浪花,获得生命活力的美感。而要唤起生命活力,必须在文字符号的基础上,注入书家主体的生命意识,使字“变调”转换为有个性的情感符号,成为审美信息。     

AN ALGORITHM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF OPTIMAL OR NEAR-OPTIMAL CHANGE-OVER DESIGNS

This paper presents an algorithm for the construction of optimal or near optimal change-over designs for arbitrary numbers of treatments, periods and units. Previous research on optimality has been either theoretical or has resulted in limited tabulations of small optimal designs. The algorithm consists of a number of steps:first find an optimal direct treatment effects design, ignoring residual effects, and then optimise this class of designs with respect to residual effects. Poor designs are avoided by judicious application of the (M, S)-optimality criterion, and modifications of it, to appropriate matrices. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated by examples.     

BATHTUB-TYPE CURVES IN RELIABILITY AND BEYOND

Finding optimal, or at least good, maintenance and repair policies is crucial in reliability engineering. Likewise, describing life phases of human mortality is important when determining social policy or insurance premiums. In these tasks, one searches for distributions to fit data and then makes inferences about the population(s). In the present paper, we focus on bathtub‐type distributions and provide a view of certain problems, methods and solutions, and a few challenges, that can be encountered in reliability engineering, survival analysis, demography and actuarial science.     

Goodness‐of‐fit methods for matched case‐control studies

The authors propose graphical and numerical methods for checking the adequacy of the logistic regression model for matched case‐control data. Their approach is based on the cumulative sum of residuals over the covariate or linear predictor. Under the assumed model, the cumulative residual process converges weakly to a centered Gaussian limit whose distribution can be approximated via computer simulation. The observed cumulative residual pattern can then be compared both visually and analytically to a certain number of simulated realizations of the approximate limiting process under the null hypothesis. The proposed techniques allow one to check the functional form of each covariate, the logistic link function as well as the overall model adequacy. The authors assess the performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies and illustrate them using data from a cardiovascular study.