Psychophysical conditions and hormonal secretion in nurses on a rapidly rotating shift schedule and exposed to bright light during night work

The psychophysical conditions of 15 young female nurses, working in a rapidly-rotating shift system (2-2-2-2), modified according to some psychophysiological criteria, and exposed to short period (4 × 20 min) of bright light (2350 Lux) during their night duty, were studied in order to evaluate their adaptation to night work and to test a possible positive effect on it of bright light. Subjective evaluations of work load and psychophysical conditions, performance measures, hormonal excretion (cortisol, 6-sulphatoxymelatonin and catecholamines), oral temperature and activity-sleep logs were taken during the shiftwork cycle, comprising one morning, one afternoon and two consecutive nights under normal and bright light. The results showed that this rapidly-rotating shift system had little effect upon the normal circadian rhythms of the body. Moreover, the lengthening of the night shift to 10 h can be considered to be acceptable, provided that work load is reduced and there are sufficient rest pauses available. On the other hand, the reduction to 7 h of the length of the day shifts and delayed start of the morning shift to 07:00 h appeared to be convenient both in relation to the work load and sleep duration. Some positive effects of bright light upon psychophysical conditions and performance efficiency were noted, while hormonal excretion and body temperature did not show any effect of bright light; in particular, melatonin excretion was not suppressed appreciably by the bright light used.     

A synaptic common sense? McLuhan’s tactility and electronic media rhythms

In Understanding Media, Marshall McLuhen proposed that tactility would eventually become a determining factor in electronic media, leading to the formation of a new kind of “common sense.” This article investigates whether by exploring this idea we are able to arrive at an alternative theoretical framework for understanding tactility, a framework that avoids the tactile-optic distinction and the understanding of tactility as a sensation primarily innervated through the bodily part of the hand. McLuhan’s notions of “acoustic space” and “contraction” are directly related to this breakthrough. It is further argued that the resulting theoretical framework can be enriched when considered in conjunction with social analyses of rhythms and used to account for the differentiation and customization or individualization of media use in the digital age. In this way, tactility is treated as embedded within rhythmic signals and fluctuations in media, allowing us to rethink McLuhan’s “common sense” in a singularly illuminating way.     

汉语语篇节律类型及生成机制探析

汉语的节律是有层次的.节律特征都分属于音节、句子、语段、语篇不同的层面,基调是语篇的基本腔调,属于语篇层的节律特征.汉语的语篇是一个由调型和调模组成的系统.调型、调模的选择要切合所要表达的思想感情及特定的题旨情境,在语篇中调型、调模也不是一层不变的,根据题旨情境的变化,调型也会发生升降平曲的转换,调模也会重新组合.     

Shiftwork tolerance and circadian rhythms in oral temperature and heart rate

Abstract

The study aimed at establishing differences in the circadian rhythm parameters of oral temperature and heart rate between three groups of workers matched by age: tolerant shiftworkers with good sleep quality and few psychosomatic and digestive complaints, intolerant shiftworkers with poor sleep quality and more psychosomatic and digestive complaints, and workers who had never worked in shifts. The study was performed at an oil refinery recreation centre where the subjects were isolated for three days. During that period they lived under constant conditions, i.e. their activities, timing and content of meals, ambient temperature and light were controlled. Hourly measurements of oral temperature and heart rate were performed over a 24-h period. The parameters of the physiological rhythms were estimated by means of the COSINA method. Generally, the differences between the groups were low and not statistically significant. The authors could find no difference in the amplitude and phase position between the tolerant shiftworkers unlike other authors. The difference between these results and those of others is likely to be due to the fact that earlier studies were performed in field conditions where many factors that could have masked the results were not controlled for.     

论周济的词学音律观

周济是常州词派中论及音律的第一人。周济的音律论主要体现在《词调选集》及《宋四家词选目录序论》中 ,周济从三个方面 ,分别从词的押韵特色、四声、句式及相关的“领字”、“积字”、“换头、煞尾”等角度 ,论述了词的音韵问题。审音度声 ,讲求表现技巧 ;强调词调与作品中表达的情感相联系 ;关注读者的接受情况 ,以“须令读者耳目振动”为佳制──这正是周济音律论的特色。就技巧而言 ,周济所论多是对前人理论的承继或发挥 ,但后二者 ,则是周济的新创获     

中国民间舞中节奏的作用及空间性

节奏在民间舞中不仅赋予它各异的风格特征和特有的动律,也是表达内在情感的基础,同时还具有烘托气氛和展观人物个性的独特功能,通过还对民间舞中节奏空间性进行分析探讨,从而体会、认识和掌握节奏的空间性。     

The affordance of compassion for animals: a filmic exploration of industrial linear rhythms

ABSTRACT

Compassion is an emotion that could be useful for improving the lives of animals within the intensive and factory farming system (IFFS). Rhythms that exist within this system play a role in making compassion difficult to realize, which formulates the research question: How do the rhythms of the IFFS shape the affordance of compassion for animals? Drawing on a cultural mode of analysis informed by Henri Lefebvre’s work on rhythms, this paper explored the rhythms of three films that focus on the treatment of animals in this system: Meat; Our Daily Bread and Never Let Me Go. Industrial linear rhythms seem to compromise the compassion offered to animals in the IFFS by manipulating the cyclical rhythms of animals and animalized bodies from birth, through life and at death. Compassion for animals and animalized bodies in the IFFS, this paper concludes, is often provided in a piecemeal and localized manner.     

Semiparametric shape-invariant models for periodic data

This article presents a novel shape-invariant modeling approach to quasi-periodic data. We propose a dynamic semiparametric method that estimates the common cycle shape in a nonparametric way and the individual phase and amplitude variability in a parametric way. An efficient algorithm to compute the estimators is proposed. The behavior of the estimators is studied by simulation and by a real-data example.     

从生物节律看影视剧套拍续拍翻拍重拍的利弊与根源

续拍与翻拍,是电影史与电视史上普遍存在的一种创作取向,近年尤甚,二者容易与套拍、重拍混淆。学界对其以伐挞和贬抑为主,无人界定并辨析,更缺乏对其根源的深入分析。除了要从人文社会科学切入外,还需从自然科学寻求智力支持,时间生物学是一个强大的思想利器。影视主创者的生物节律乃至生命周期存在很大不同,高度依赖机器与技术的影视艺术对从业者生物钟的破坏毋容置疑,亿万影视受众的审美疲劳更受制于时间生物学特征。人类的＂生物三节律＂滋蘖传受双方的逆反心理与厌倦情绪,导致艺术创作尤其影视重复拍摄与乏味翻续的生理心理基因正是人类的＂生物三节律＂。     

试论顾毓琇先生《和淮海词及其他》

顾毓先生极善作唱和诗词 ,这已成为其诗词创作的一大特色。其在《和淮海词及其他》的作品集中 ,比较突出地表现了乡国之思与香草美人的思想寄托、体现了刚柔兼济的风格特征和精于音律的词学特色