大学英语语法教学探析 --以定语从句的教学为例

自90年代以来,外语语法研究的重点之一是语法教学的途径和方法。重要的议题是:直接讲解语法好,还是在交际中设计语法焦点好?什么是语法习得的有效条件?教师如何创造这种条件?本文就是介绍在英语语法教学中,通过自己对英语语法中的定语从句教学方法的反复研究和实践以及对各种方法实施结果的对比,所总结出的一些新理念、新思想、新策略、新方法和在英语语法教学中所实现的创新和改革。     

赏析邱吉尔的"对德宣言"

邱吉尔的Speech in H itler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.是一篇语言与结构俱佳的演讲稿。从分析其文体的角度出发,引导读者赏析原文中大量使用的平行,重复,押韵,比喻等修辞手法是如何使演讲稿达到音,形,义的完美结合,从而在听众心里产生强烈的共鸣。     

Residual analysis for spatial point processes (with discussion)

Summary.  We define residuals for point process models fitted to spatial point pattern data, and we propose diagnostic plots based on them. The residuals apply to any point process model that has a conditional intensity; the model may exhibit spatial heterogeneity, interpoint interaction and dependence on spatial covariates. Some existing ad hoc methods for model checking (quadrat counts, scan statistic, kernel smoothed intensity and Berman's diagnostic) are recovered as special cases. Diagnostic tools are developed systematically, by using an analogy between our spatial residuals and the usual residuals for (non-spatial) generalized linear models. The conditional intensity λ plays the role of the mean response. This makes it possible to adapt existing knowledge about model validation for generalized linear models to the spatial point process context, giving recommendations for diagnostic plots. A plot of smoothed residuals against spatial location, or against a spatial covariate, is effective in diagnosing spatial trend or co-variate effects. Q – Q -plots of the residuals are effective in diagnosing interpoint interaction.     

社会网络对民间金融风险的作用——基于社会网络结构的理论与实证分析

社会网络对民间金融风险的影响已被广泛认可,但是,究竟什么样的网络结构有抑制风险的作用,什么样的网络结构有扩增风险的作用？以资金互助会为例,将互助会涉及的社会网络按结构特征分为单个会的会内网络和多个会的会间网络,研究可知：（1）越紧密的会内网络结构以及越大的网络规模越有利于民间金融风险的控制。（2）跨会网络具有抑制和扩增风险两种作用,它是协同监督和惩罚机制生效的基础,因而对风险具有控制作用,但这种作用只在中介成员为会首时才显著;同时,它也构成了风险传播的通道,导致资金被分散到多个会中,因而提升了系统性风险。     

Bias correction for parameter estimates of spatial point process models

When a spatial point process model is fitted to spatial point pattern data using standard software, the parameter estimates are typically biased. Contrary to folklore, the bias does not reflect weaknesses of the underlying mathematical methods, but is mainly due to the effects of discretization of the spatial domain. We investigate two approaches to correcting the bias: a Newton–Raphson-type correction and Richardson extrapolation. In simulation experiments, Richardson extrapolation performs best.     

一种疏水缔合聚合物快速溶解方法研究

研究了疏水缔合聚合物（AP–P4）经过拉伸装置后的溶解时间。结果表明，拉伸装置可以缩短疏水缔合聚合物的溶解时间；拉伸装置的最佳间距为200 μm，此时疏水缔合聚合物的溶解时间为25 min。经拉伸装置处理后的疏水缔合聚合物可以在30 min 内达到溶解；提高温度可以显著改善疏水缔合聚合物的溶解效果，缩短疏水缔合聚合物的溶解时间。     

指类句的修辞性嬗变

指类句可加以改造而获得特定修辞效果,"全都……,只有……"这一句式就是一例。此类修辞效果是通过"全都……"增强语句的语义信息到极致获得反衬,继而通过"只有……"突显例外现象实现的。指类句是对一类事物属性的隐性全称量化,同时又容忍例外现象。对指类句的元语用分析表明,在元语用层次,理解指类句的认知机制、指类句理解的心理逻辑和语言使用的会话修辞逻辑使得这种改造成为可能。     

无锡市某区残疾人辅助器具需求分析

目的:探索不同状况下残疾人辅助器具的需求差异,找出原因,为制定辅助器具服务政策和合理配发辅助器具提供客观依据?方法:基于全国残疾人基本服务状况和需求专项调查,通过横断面调查获取无锡市某区9个街道(镇)残疾人及疑似残疾儿童的调查问卷6 188份?调查内容包含基本信息?残疾类别?残疾等级?教育文化程度等?采用SPSS22.0 统计软件进行Logistic回归分析?结果:残疾人的辅助器具需求受到残疾种类(P < 0.001)?残疾等级(P < 0.001)?年龄(P = 0.024)?就业情况(P = 0.002)和前一年是否获得辅具(P < 0.001)的影响,性别(P = 0.805)?婚姻状况(P = 0.459)?社保状况(P = 0.195)与教育文化状况(P =0.451)无影响作用?结论:听力?视力?肢体?多重残疾会导致辅助器具需求升高,重度残疾?儿童和老人?未就业和前一年获得辅具都能预示人群较高的辅具需求?     

ispLSI器件测试板的研制

介绍了MODEL－IE1型ISP和EDA测试板的结构原理及其电路,说明该测试电路的使用方法。     

Practical Maximum Pseudolikelihood for Spatial Point Patterns(with Discussion)

This paper describes a technique for computing approximate maximum pseudolikelihood estimates of the parameters of a spatial point process. The method is an extension of Berman & Turner's (1992) device for maximizing the likelihoods of inhomogeneous spatial Poisson processes. For a very wide class of spatial point process models the likelihood is intractable, while the pseudolikelihood is known explicitly, except for the computation of an integral over the sampling region. Approximation of this integral by a finite sum in a special way yields an approximate pseudolikelihood which is formally equivalent to the (weighted) likelihood of a loglinear model with Poisson responses. This can be maximized using standard statistical software for generalized linear or additive models, provided the conditional intensity of the process takes an 'exponential family' form. Using this approach a wide variety of spatial point process models of Gibbs type can be fitted rapidly, incorporating spatial trends, interaction between points, dependence on spatial covariates, and mark information.