哥特小说美国化之探析

哥特小说作为一种文学类型,最初是18世纪欧洲作家藉此反抗外在的宗教和国家权力、反抗启蒙理性主义的表达方式,而美国哥特则是在美国未成熟的政治和文化背景中‘舶来’并在这种背景下经由独立创造后形成的一种原初类型。它追溯了哥特中的暴力根源不是通过个人心理或宗教冲突而是通过作为美利坚民族形成的初始框架中导向暴力的思考。通过将哥特符码置于美国历史发展的场景中,这种场景也就成为美国被压抑的历史记忆的民族叙事。     

Effects of spatio-temporal intervals between newly-hatched larvae on larval survival and development inMonochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The effects of distance between hatching larvae on survival and development were investigated inMonochamus alternatus. Two newly-hatched larvae were inoculated intoPinus densiflora bolts at a distance of 2.5 cm or 10 cm, simultaneously or at an interval of 2 weeks. Some larvae were inoculated singly as a control. When larvae were inoculated simultaneously, mortality of the closely-inoculated larvae was significantly higher than that of distantly-inoculated larvae. Such high mortality was identified as due to conspecific bites. When the two larvae were inoculated asynchronously, the first-inoculated larvae killed some second-inoculated larvae but were never killed by them. Consequently, mortality was higher in second-inoculated larvae than in first-inoculated larvae. In particular, there was a significant difference in mortality between them when the larvae had been inoculated closely. The mortality of second-inoculated larvae was higher in the closely-inoculated group than in the distantly-inoculated group although there was no significant difference between them. In the case of two simultaneously-inoculated larvae, the initial distance between them had no significant effect on the development and growth in the early larval stage. When the larvae were inoculated asynchronously, the first-inoculated larvae grew more quickly than singly-inoculated control larvae.     

新伤痕”的源起与疗愈——石一枫近作读后

转型书写“新伤痕”——改革伤痕的新锐作家石一枫,其近作《心灵外史》和《借命而生》在表现回归的母题和结尾的形式上均与“伤痕文学”形成鲜明对照,这为“新伤痕文学”设想的构建提供了极有价值的文本。     

Scars in disability culture poetry: towards connection

In this article I present a sample of US disability culture poems and their treatment of scars in order to re-evaluate the status of the wound in disability culture. I argue that instead of becoming a sign of melancholic identification with a victim position, these scar poems speak with a different imaginary, one that aims at connection rather than isolation and a focus on the individual body. With this the article adds to our understanding of disability culture aesthetics.     

析胡风“精神奴役的创伤”

胡风在20世纪40年代提出人民"随时随地都潜伏着或扩展着几千年的精神奴役的创伤"的观点,由此,"精神奴役的创伤"成为胡风文艺思想的一个关键命题。该命题的题材来源于厨川白村的《苦闷的象征》,不过胡风将厨川白村的"创造生活的欲求和强制压力之间的冲突"转换为"人民群众创造历史的解放欲求与封建主义的安命精神之间的冲突",从而转向黑格尔、马克思的历史哲学与文艺美学的维度。而关于文艺在治疗创伤、救赎自我的过程中的作用问题上,胡风将作家譬喻为"施洗约翰",其任务在于通过艺术批判社会痼疾、唤醒群众,为政治的解放实践开道。而人民的血与火的政治实践,就是艺术之解放目的的真正完成,是一首真正的抒情诗。     

野间宏论

野间宏是日本著名现代作家 ,属于“战后派”,是公认的战后派的旗手。他是一位有影响的进步作家 ,从大学时代起 ,即信仰马克思主义 ,关爱人民。他的“伤痕文学”对警醒日本民族具有莫大的历史作用。同时 ,他的意识流小说在文学技法上独树一帜 ,打破了日本文学的旧传统。他又是地球和人类命运的呐喊者 ,在晚年不顾年迈体衰 ,以发人深省的文学和身体力行的行动为保护人类环境而奔走呼号。本文概要地全面论述了野间宏其人其作 ,提出在日本近代文学史上他应得到更高的评价和占据更显著的位置     

活着的雕像:非洲部落的人体疤痕装饰

非洲部落的人体疤痕是世界上最为独特的人体装饰之一,布满疤痕的部落人员就如同活着的雕像。撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲保持了相对完整的土著文化,人体疤痕装饰具有非常鲜明的特点。但同样崇尚疤痕装饰的不同部落,对疤痕的追求目的并不相同,有些部落把疤痕当成人生经历与理想追求的标志,而有些则是把疤痕纹视为荣誉、地位与贡献。     

创伤记忆与现代想象——重估二十世纪八十年代“伤痕电影”

在1979-1983年间,无论是关于电影语言现代化的理论争论,还是第三代、第四代的"伤痕电影"创作,抑或是学院时代的第五代导演的创伤叙事,都试图通过重构创伤记忆来释放被延迟的现代性渴望,当代中国电影则藉此而形成了新的现代想象与文化认同。"伤痕电影"是一个过渡时代的文化镜像,其与同一时期出现的其他"伤痕文艺"一样,与其说是对历史的客观追溯与还原,不如说是试图在记忆历史中遗忘历史,进而与以发展进步为核心的现代化意识形态达成暧昧的妥协。