Ranking Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism Scenarios: The Italian Case

A quantitative criterion for ranking the different scenarios of nuclear and radiological terrorism has been developed. The aim of the model is not to predict terroristic events but only to indicate which scenario has the higher utility from the point of view of a terroristic organization in terms of balance between factors favoring and discouraging the attack, respectively. All these factors were quantified according to a scoring system that takes into account the logarithmic relationship between perceptions and stimuli. The criterion was applied to several scenarios, each of which was modeled in a simple but not trivial way in order to estimate the expected damage in terms of probable life losses from both radiative and nonradiative effects. The outcome from the ranking method indicates that the attractive scenario appears to be the detonation of a low yield improvised nuclear device in the metropolitan area of a major city.     

论和平发展战略对台湾政党政治的影响

随着两岸关系和平发展的持续推进,这项战略已经产生了强大的溢出效应。影响所及,两岸关系结构、台湾民众对两岸关系的认知结构以及台湾岛内话语结构等都发生了根本性变化,这种局面对岛内政党政治的基本生态和未来发展趋势产生了较大影响,两个主要政党都针对环境的变化进行了一定的调整,以求适应台海局势的结构性变化,谋求未来更多的发展空间。     

预设推理与语篇情景组合模式

预设推理是一种以读者经验争认知结构为基础的认知活动.对语篇语义的理解,既需要读者解读语言因素又需要读者的非语言因素的参与,即与语篇相关的预设推理.语篇情景组合就是作者利用先前存入的知识以及认知能力并与文本中的符号产生联系,以互明的认知情境为栽体,在话语之间建构最佳关联,以取得最大语境效果,创设情景的心理认知过程.文章拟从读者在解读语篇时所采用的预设推理方法以及作者在建构语篇时所采用的语篇情景组合模式两方面来探讨含义推导的心理认知过程.     

中国石油脆弱性的测算及其情景分析

选取构建了影响中国石油脆弱性的7个主要指标,运用主成分分析方法,对1998—2008年中国石油脆弱性进行了综合测算。结果表明：近年来中国石油脆弱性总体不断加深。在得出各指标对中国石油脆弱性的敏感性系数后,基于情景分析,模拟了2009—2015年中国石油脆弱性。为能源安全政策制定者提供了一定的参考和依据。     

我国建筑业碳排放预测研究

由于建筑业的快速发展和能耗较高,使得建筑业成为了当前我国节能减排的重点领域之一。在基于STIRPAT模型估计的基础上,采用情景分析法,主要研究建筑业单位增加值能耗年均增长率与建筑业碳排放量、减排效果和峰值出现时间的关系。最后指出,提高建筑业相关的技术水平,减少不必要的能源消耗,以降低建筑业单位增加值能耗,是减少建筑业碳排放的有效途径。     

Alternative Methods for Computing the Sensitivity of Complex Surveillance Systems

Stochastic scenario trees are a new and popular method by which surveillance systems can be analyzed to demonstrate freedom from pests and disease. For multiple component systems—such as a combination of a serological survey and systematically collected observations—it can be difficult to represent the complete system in a tree because many branches are required to represent complex conditional relationships. Here we show that many of the branches of some scenario trees have identical outcomes and are therefore redundant. We demonstrate how to prune branches and derive compact representations of scenario trees using matrix algebra and Bayesian belief networks. The Bayesian network representation is particularly useful for calculation and exposition. It therefore provides a firm basis for arguing disease freedom in international forums.     

非常规灾害事件情景演化的概率性生长模式——基于台风莫拉克的探索性案例研究

使用探索性案例研究方法，对台风莫拉克在浙江的演化过程进行分析。研究发现，非常规灾害事件的情景演化过程与生物体的生长过程具有诸多相似之处，同时又具有明显的概率性。在案例研究基础上，进一步构建数学模型，给出了概率性生长模式的形式化表达，也为仿真模拟和计算实验提供了理论基础。     

Fitting Hierarchical Holographic Modeling into the Theory of Scenario Structuring and a Resulting Refinement to the Quantitative Definition of Risk

A point of view is suggested from which the Hierarchical Holographic Modeling (HHM) method can be seen as one more method within the Theory of Scenario Structuring (TSS), which is that part of Quantitative Risk Assessment having to do with the task of identifying the set of risk scenarios. Seen in this way, HHM brings strongly to our attention the fact that different methods within TSS can result in different sets of risk scenarios for the same underlying problem. Although this is not a problem practically, it is a bit awkward conceptually from the standpoint of the "set of triplets" definition of risk, in which the scenario set is part of the definition. Accordingly, the present article suggests a refinement to the set of triplets definition, which removes the specific set of scenarios, found by any of the TSS methods, from the definition of risk and casts it, instead, as an approximation to the "true" set of scenarios that is native to the problem at hand and not affected by the TSS method used.     

信贷环境与类型差异情景下的PPP项目政府经济承诺决策

为破解政府在PPP项目中存在的"承诺不足"与"承诺过度"决策难题，基于项目类型和信贷环境差异构建四种决策情景，融合优化决策与实物期权理论构建政府经济承诺决策模型，通过Kuhn-Tucker条件分析模型解的条件与边界并设计计算机求解算法，以W市城东污水处理项目为例进行数值模拟探讨政府经济承诺决策规律。结果表明：情景差异将会影响政府经济承诺决策；政府经济承诺可以提升项目价值，但较高的经济承诺未必导致较高的承诺成本；政府应对收益波动型项目给予更低的经济承诺，应在信贷收紧时给予更高的经济承诺，反之亦然；政府可以通过转移收益分配权和增加投资额来降低经济承诺，且不同情景效果具有差异。本文系统刻画了信贷环境与类型差异对经济承诺决策的影响，对于明晰经济承诺的决策成本及其后果、控制PPP项目金融风险、优化我国政府经济承诺决策等具有积极价值。