Fuzzy K-means clustering models for triangular fuzzy time trajectories

We focus our attention on the classification of fuzzy time trajectories with triangular membership function, described by a given set of individuals. To this purpose, we adopt a fullyinformational approach, explicitly recognizing the informational nature shared by the ingredients of the classification procedure: the observed data (Empirical Information) and the classification model (Theoretical Information). In particular, by supposing that the informational paradigm has a fuzzy nature, we suggest three fuzzy clustering models allowing the classification of the triangular fuzzy time trajectories, based on the analysis of the cross sectional and/or longitudinal characteristics of their components (centers and spreads). Two applicative examples are illustrated.     

现代社会的道德定位:责任自觉

在现代社会,由于工具理性的全面统治和价值理性的消褪,给现代社会所带来的后果就是世界的“祛魅”,现代人所处的道德困境是意义感的丧失。解决生命的价值和生活的意义,只能是实现责任伦理的自觉。在中国市场经济不断深入和完善的过程中,责任伦理的自觉更具有现实意义。     

Business reform outcomes: Why so different?

Post-crisis policy making increasingly focuses on doing business reforms. We argue that the effects of those reforms will be different across countries. To understand the reasons for the reform outcome divergence, we advance a novel firm-size distribution (FSDs) argument. At the center of the argument is the fact that FSDs are different across countries and stable over time. Then, if a given doing business reform induces firms of different size to grow differently, this will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries. To advance the argument, we set up a tractable general equilibrium (GE) model and study how firms of different size grow after a doing business reform. The model predicts that larger firms will grow faster than smaller firms after the reform. The model predictions are tested on the Enterprise Surveys (ES) data, merged with the Doing Business indicators. We confirm that firms of different size grow differently after a Doing Business reform. Thus, based on the notable differences of firm size distributions across countries, identical reforms to start, operate and close a business will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries.     

克里普克“信念之谜”新探

克里普克信念之谜表明,在信念语境中从广为接受的“去引号原则”和“翻译原则”出发能够推导出矛盾。进一步分析可以揭示,矛盾的得出实际上源于经验事实的不利出现,而确定句子的真值必须充分考虑具体的情境。     

我国食品安全危机的体制成因

近年来,我国频繁爆发的食品安全危机事件使得食品安全问题已成为社会各界关注的焦点.文章在已有研究基础上,从我国现行分段式监管体制入手,阐述了由分段监管导致的监管职能、法律体系、安全标准和检测、认证体系中存在的漏洞及缺陷.并从明确政府部门职责、统一法律体系、完善食品安全标准和加强行业协会作用等方面提出现行食品安全监管体制改革的短期与长期思路.     

“李约瑟难题”的再探索

"李约瑟难题"至今仍然困扰着学术界.学者们从各自的角度提出了不同的解答方案,但众说纷纭,莫衷一是.笔者通过对中西科学观在思维方式、价值取向、思想观念等方面的比较,认为近代科学在欧洲出现是科学自身发展的结果,中国传统科学根本不具备产生近代科学的要素,因此西方意义上的近代科学是不可能在中国诞生的.     

学术史研究的新境界

进化史观的传播,新史学思潮的初步确立,冲击着传统学术史的编纂方式。进入二十世纪后,摆脱由纪传体史书演化而来的学案体学术史束缚,编撰崭新的章节体学术史,成为历史编撰学的重要课题。在建构中国学术史的新体系的历程中,出现了象梁启超著的《论中国学术史变迁之大势》,刘师培的《周末学术史序》,章太炎的《清儒》、《学隐》、《学变》等用新观点、新方法写成的学术史著作,开创了学术史研究的新境界。本文主要对梁启超著的《论中国学术史变迁之大势》做较为系统的分析,兼顾对其他用新观点写出的学术史著作进行阐释。     

In Vino Pecunia? The Association Between Beverage-Specific Drinking Behavior and Wages

The positive association between moderate alcohol consumption and wages is well documented in the economic literature. Positive health effects as well as networking mechanisms serve as explanations for the “alcohol–income puzzle.” Using individual-based microdata from the SOEP for 2006, we confirm that this relationship exists for Germany as well. More importantly, we shed light on the alcohol–income puzzle by analyzing, for the first time, the association between beverage-specific drinking behavior and wages. In our analysis, we disentangle the general wage effect of drinking into diverse effects for different types of drinkers. Mincerian estimates reveal significant and positive relationships between wine drinkers and wages as well as between multiple beverage drinkers and wages. When splitting the sample into age groups, the “drinking gain” disappears for employees under the age of 35 and increases in size and significance for higher age groups. We also find a “beer gain” for the oldest age group and male residents of rural areas as well as a “cocktail gain” for residents of urban areas. Several explanations for our empirical results are discussed in view of the likelihood that the alcohol–income puzzle is a multicausal phenomenon.

FDI’s Impact on Transitional Countries, Serbia as a Rational Choice: The FIAT-ZASTAVA Case

The privatization process and foreign direct investments (FDI) are among the most important economic issues in transitional countries. FDI has enormous influence on transitional countries that need serious structural changes. In this paper we will study FIAT’s decision to invest in the Serbian automotive industry. We will try to rationalize FIAT’s decision because Serbian car manufacturer ZASTAVA was not the only alternative for FIAT to invest in the Balkans. In order to justify FIAT’s decision we will apply the Mullins model of horizontal and vertical FDI, examine the importance of the cooperating history between two car manufacturers and compare macroeconomic conditions and Global Competitiveness of Serbia and Romania, which was the main alternative for FIAT. Finally, we will also try to explain why FIAT decided to announce the investment at the end of political campaign in Serbia when pools gave anti-European parties higher chances for victory, instead of waiting to see the outcome of the elections.

从汇率谜团到汇率决定的社会福利平价

汇率及汇率制度之争的根本在于真实汇率的确定,而众多的汇率理论及实证模型得出的结论难以统一,有的甚至背道而驰。汇率及汇率制度理论发展至今,仍然存在诸多谜团。总结汇率理论及理论、实证汇率模型的根本假设在于购买力平价、利率平价和生产力差异。从汇率形成原理和人类经济发展角度以及东西方文明的最高诉求而言,以其作为汇率及汇率制度理论的基本假设,都不甚合理。社会福利平价是我们提出的一个有关汇率及汇率制度的新的基本假设,在此基础上,可以从一个侧面更好地揭示汇率及汇率制度选择的本质,特别是关于新兴市场经济国家汇率确定及汇率制度选择的依据问题。