徇私枉法案查处难的对策探讨

徇私枉法行为是当前司法腐败的典型表现,徇私枉法不能有效遏止的原因是查处难。本文针对徇私枉法案查处难的原因提出了相应的对策。     

走出困惑：“经济人”的合理性解读

作为西方经济学理论分析的原点 ,“经济人”内含的自利趋向 ,乃是由市场经济的根本特征所决定的 ,是对市场经济活动本质属性的真实反映。“经济人”虽不等同于现实的人本身 ,但“经济人”假说是对现实市场经济活动所具有的普遍特性的一种理性抽象与科学概括。经济人以利己为目的 ,与人类社会的道德终极诉求是相适应、相一致的。就像我们不能将对经济人的特殊道德要求泛化到非市场经济领域一样 ,亦不能将非市场经济行为的道德规范强加于经济人。     

纯粹利己主义反思与经济学方法论的二重性

对纯粹利己主义假设的批评在经济学中早有传统,但系统地拒绝纯粹利己主义的证据来自近年来的实验经济研究。另一方面,纯粹利己主义的悖论表明,对人类行为动机的考察应该将道德、规范乃至利他纳入考虑,但这种考虑又会动摇经济学的利己假设基础。事实上,我们应该承认经济学方法论的二重性,将经济理论划分为标准的经济理论和描述性的经济理论,前者不必考虑道德和规范等因素,而后者则需要考虑这些因素。     

控股股东自利行为选择与上市公司股权制衡关系研究——基于股权结构的内外生双重属性

本文通过检定公司股权结构的内外生双重属性以及探索公司股权制衡的影响作用,研究了我国上市公司控股股东自利行为的选择与股权制衡之间的关系。站在股权结构外生性的角度,股权制衡能够制约控股股东与其控制上市公司之间的关联交易以及侵占型关联交易行为,但无法制约上市公司的派现行为,主要是因为公司中小股东把关联交易而不把派现视为控股股东的自利行为;站在股权结构内生性的角度,股权制衡受到控股股东的自利行为的影响,表现为关联交易使得中小股东对控股股东的制衡作用增强,但上市公司派现行为降低了这一制衡作用,而且在考虑股权结构内生性的情况下,股权制衡度对控股股东自利行为的制约作用减弱甚至消失。     

More than self-interest: Why different classes have different attitudes to income inequality

The connection between social class and political preferences is among the most well established in the social sciences. This association is typically taken as prima facie evidence of economic self-interest: Classes hold different attitudes, values, and party preferences because they have different economic interests. However, this assumption has rarely been tested empirically. In this article, we use survey data from 18 West European countries to examine why classes differ on a central aspect of political preferences, namely their views on the desirability of income inequality. We find that only a moderate proportion of differences between employee classes in support for redistribution can be accounted for by contemporary differences in resources and risks; differences in economic interests to some degree account for the anti-redistributive preferences of the professional middle classes compared with the working class. However, the preferences of the self-employed have a different explanation; autonomy is a better explanation of the right-wing preferences of the self-employed compared with the working class.     

社会转型期我国政府自利性的原因与对策

政府不仅具有阶级性和公共性的特征，而且具有自利性的特征。政府的自利性是客观存在的，任何避之不谈的行为不仅不能掩盖自利性中的负面问题，反而使问题得不到解决。本文本着客观理性的科学态度分析了转型期我国政府自利性的原因，并提出了制约政府不合理自利性的对策。     

亚当·斯密与弗里德曼的比较研究

只有把《国富论》与《道德情操论》结合,才能完整准确地理解亚当·斯密的自由市场经济学说.亚当·斯密主张经济人要有道德自律,努力使公平与市场经济结合,承认政府干预的必要性.弗里德曼号称20世纪的亚当·斯密,但他提倡的完全自由放任、个人自由和私利至上、否定政府干预的市场原教旨主义思想,却误读和曲解了亚当·斯密学说.     

“利他行为”新解

把利他行为和利已行为放在相对立的位置上,这是绝大多数人所持的观点,也是一些学者所推崇的观点.本文另辟蹊径,在分析把两者放在相对立的位置上理解利他行为所遇到困境的基础上,从利己行为和利他行为是一个由低层次到高层次不断深化和发展或者说是一个行为意义上的"连续统"的角度,对利他行为作新的诠释.     

The Consequences of Reproductive Failure: Dependence,Mobility, and Mortality among the Elderly of Rural South Asia

This paper examines the proposition that the economic mobility of persons in rural South Asia is affected by their reproductive outcomes: specifically, that reproductive failure (defined as the failure to rear a surviving son) entails material loss. Underlying this proposition is the notion that sons in this setting constitute an important source of insurance against the risk of income insufficiency in old age and in a variety of other contingencies. Analysis of data on living arrangements of the elderly in several rural South Asian communities and histories of asset gain and loss suggest that the consequences of reproductive failure include higher mortality risks and a high probability of property loss, that these consequences are more severe for women than for men, and are considerably more severe in rural Bangladesh than in the sampled areas of rural India.     

浅论政府自利性扩张及其控制途径

政府的自利性具有扩张性特征,如果不加以遏制,可能导致＂权力寻租＂行为的盛行,削弱政府的执行力,影响公共政策的公正性,并造成部门利益法制化和群体腐败的严重后果。因此,只有通过构建有限政府,严格控制政府自由裁量权,建立和完善引咎辞职制度,坚持行政权力运行公开透明,加强体制外监督,降低行政消费水平等途径,才能有效地遏制政府自利性的恶性膨胀。