蒙特卡罗方法及其在辐射剂量计算中的应用

概述了蒙特卡罗方法的产生与发展,阐述了蒙特卡罗方法的基本特点,最后就蒙特卡罗方法在辐射剂量计算上的应用进行了讨论。     

经济辐射理论与我国经济发展战略构想

辐射既表现为自然界不同物体间的能量相互传递,也表现为人类社会资源的互相流动.经济辐射理论既可以深化我们对扩大开放的新认识,也可以说明区域、产业等经济发展中的从非均衡到均衡过程.为此,我们在系统而全面地分析经济辐射理论的基础上,提出了加快我国经济发展的战略构想.     

A Two-dimensional Heat Transfer Model for Atmosphere-land System in the Lake-dominated Alaskan Arctic

1 Introduction Shallow tundra lakes are one of the dominating landscape features in the Alaskan Arctic. They typically cover 20% of the total area of the North Slope of Alaska, and up to about 40% in the coastal plain [1,2]. Many lakes are, in their entirety or in part, shallower than the maximum annual ice thickness, consequently, some ice freezes completely to the lake bottom, nevertheless, large areas of water are deeper than the maximum ice thickness and the ice remains afloat througho…     

对马克思主义理论整体性问题研究的反思及其现实意义

整体性是马克思主义理论的重要特性,整体性问题是研究马克思主义的一个基本问题,也是当前我国学者研究马克思主义的一个热点问题。我国理论界围绕此问题进行了深入而系统的研究,取得了丰硕成果,但也存在一些问题,对这些问题的反思,有益于进一步实现马克思主义整体发展和创新的前瞻性使命。     

关于郑州中心城市辐射作用的思考

针对我国社会经济发展不平衡状况,区域经济发展应选择中心城市辐射与梯度推进相结合,并以中心城市辐射为主的发展战略.河南及中西部社会经济的发展需要中心城市带动,郑州有成为"龙头"城市的基础得天独厚的区位、交通、资源等优势,经济实力较强,西部大开发为其提供了发展良机.增强郑州中心城市辐射作用,要有新的战略构想框架,争取在10～20年的时间内,确立国家区域中心城市地位.为此,郑州需在制度创新、城市空间布局和产业结构布局、对外开放及发展科教事业等方面加快发展,使其向周边地区的辐射不断增强.     

Perceived Risks from Radiation and Nuclear Testing Near Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: A Comparison Between Physicians, Scientists, and the Public

Determining the difference in perception of risk between experts, or more educated professionals, and laypeople is important so that a potential hazard can be effectively communicated to the public. Many surveys have been conducted to better understand the difference between expert and public opinions, and often laypeople exhibit higher perceptions of risk to hazards in comparison to experts. This is especially true when health risk is due to radiation, nuclear power, and nuclear waste. This article focuses on one section of a risk perception survey given to two groups of individuals with a more specialized education (scientists and physicians) and laypeople (villagers) in the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan. All of these groups live near the former Soviet nuclear test site. Originally, it was expected that the scientists and physicians would have similar perceptions of radiation risk, while the public perceptions would be higher, but this was not always the case. For example, when perceptions of risk pertain to the health impacts of nuclear testing or the dose-response nature of radiation exposure, the physicians tend to agree with the laypeople, not the scientists. The villagers are always the most risk-averse group, followed by the physicians and then the scientists. These differences are likely due to different frames of reference for each of the populations.     

Remedial Policies in Radiologically-Contaminated Forests: Environmental Consequences and Risk Assessment

As a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, large forested areas in Europe were contaminated by radionuclides. Extensive societal pressure has been exerted to decrease the radiation dose to the population and to the environment. Thus, in making abatement and remediation policy decisions not only economic costs, but also human and environmental risk assessment are desired. Forest remediation by organic layer removal, one of the most promising cleanup policies, is considered in this paper. Ecological risk assessment requires evaluation of the radionuclide distribution in forests. The FORESTPATH model^(1,2) is used for predicting the radionuclide fate in forest compartments after deposition as well as for evaluating the application of the remedial policy. Time of intervention and radionuclide deposition profile was predicted as being crucial for the remediation efficiency. Risk assessment conducted for a critical group of forest users in Belarus shows that consumption of forest products (berries and mushrooms) leads to about 0.004% risk of a fatal cancer. Cost-benefit analysis for forest cleanup suggests that complete removal of organic layer is too expensive for application in Belarus.     

直流磁控溅射铂电阻薄膜

根据薄膜理论和通过成膜工艺实验，研究了影响铂薄膜电阻温度系数的主要因素。１）对铂靶材料的纯度要求高，含杂质极少；２）淀积薄膜要有一定厚度，通常近于１μｍ才能有较大的α；３）成膜以后，需经过高温热处理，减少缺陷，结晶化改善。通过大量实验，使用高铝陶瓷基片或微晶玻璃基片，溅射铂薄膜的厚度为８００ｎｍ，高温热处理１ｈ，可以获得电阻温度系数为３．８５０×１０－３／℃的铂电阻薄膜。     

浅析晚商中央王朝对周边地区的辐射作用

商王朝后期,随着中央王朝实力的增强,其对周边部族方国的辐射影响力也相应增强,这种辐射力在政治、经济、军事、文化等各方面都有具体表现。商王朝能够对周边地区产生辐射作用主要取决于它的绝对统治地位及占据天下之中的优越地理位置。这种辐射力为后世真正意义上的民族统一和国家统一创造了条件。