Circuit optimization via sequential computer experiments: design of an output buffer

In electrical engineering, circuit designs are now often optimized via circuit simulation computer models. Typically, many response variables characterize the circuit's performance. Each response is a function of many input variables, including factors that can be set in the engineering design and noise factors representing manufacturing conditions. We describe a modelling approach which is appropriate for the simulator's deterministic input–output relationships. Non-linearities and interactions are identified without explicit assumptions about the functional form. These models lead to predictors to guide the reduction of the ranges of the designable factors in a sequence of experiments. Ultimately, the predictors are used to optimize the engineering design. We also show how a visualization of the fitted relationships facilitates an understanding of the engineering trade-offs between responses. The example used to demonstrate these methods, the design of a buffer circuit, has multiple targets for the responses, representing different trade-offs between the key performance measures.     

Conservatism of the Accident Sequence Evaluation Program HRA Procedure

This paper presents a limited assessment of the conservatism of the Accident Sequence Evaluation Program (ASEP) human reliability analysis (HRA) procedure described in NUREG/CR-4772. The data for this study are derived from simulator examination reports from the NRC requalification examination cycle for nuclear power plant operators. The ASEP procedure was used to estimate human error probability (HEP) values for critical tasks, and the HEP results were compared with the failure rates observed in the examinations. The ASEP procedure was applied by PNNL operator license examiners who supplemented the limited information in the examination reports with expert judgment based upon their extensive simulator examination experience. Comparison of the average of the ASEP HEP values with the fraction of the population actually failed and demonstrated that the ASEP HEP values are larger (conservative) by a statistically significant average factor of two. Partitioning of tasks into subgroups based on the ASEP HEP values and comparison of the subgroup average ASEP HEP values with observed subgroup failure rates showed little or no conservatism for small ASEP HEP values, but considerable conservatism for larger ASEP HEP values.     

Simulated classical tests in multinomial probit models

This paper compares the application of different versions of the simulated counterparts of the Wald test, the score test, and the likelihood ratio test in one- and multiperiod multinomial probit models. Monte Carlo experiments show that the use of the simple form of the simulated likelihood ratio test delivers relatively robust results regarding the testing of several multinomial probit model specifications. In contrast, the inclusion of the Hessian matrix of the simulated loglikelihood function into the simulated score test and (in the multiperiod multinomial probit model) particularly the inclusion of the quasi-maximum likelihood theory into the simulated likelihood ratio test leads to substantial computational problems. The combined application of the quasi-maximum likelihood theory with the simulated Wald test or the simulated score test is not systematically superior to the application of the other versions of these two simulated classical tests either. Neither an increase in the number of observations nor in the number of random draws in the incorporated Geweke-Hajivassiliou-Keane simulator systematically lead to more precise conformities between the frequencies of type I errors and the basic significance levels. An increase in the number of observations only decreases the frequencies of type II errors, particularly regarding the simulated classical testing of multiperiod multinomial probit model specifications.     

汽车驾驶模拟器在机动车驾驶技能培训中的应用

在介绍汽车驾驶模拟器基本原理基础上,着重分析了将驾驶模拟器应用于机动车驾驶培训,具有增强驾驶训练的安全性、提高训练效果、缓解道路交通拥挤、减少车辆废气排放、降低训练成本等多方面的价值;在驾驶培训的初级和中级阶段用驾驶模拟器部分替代实车训练可有效弥补实车训练之不足。     

A simulation tool for modeling the influence of anatomy on information flow using discrete integrate and fire neurons

There are theories on brain functionality that can only be tested in very large models. In this work, a simulation model appropriate for working with large number of neurons was developed, and Information Theory measuring tools were designed to monitor the flow of information in such large networks. The model’s simulator can handle up to one million neurons in its current implementation by using a discretized version of the Lapicque integrate and fire neuron instead of interacting differential equations. A modular structure facilitates the setting of parameters of the neurons, networks, time and most importantly, architectural changes. Applications of this research are demonstrated by testing architectures in terms of mutual information. We present some preliminary architectural results showing that adding a virtual analogue to white matter called “jumps” to a simple representation of cortex results in: (1) an increase in the rate of mutual information flow, corresponding to the “bias” or “priming” hypothesis; thereby giving a possible explanation of the high speed response to stimuli in complex networks. (2) An increase in the stability of response of the network; i.e. a system with “jumps” is a more reliable machine. This also has an effect on the potential speed of response.     

IMT-2000基带实时信道模拟器设计

描述了基于ITU-R M.1225的包括室内、室外到室内/步行和车载等测试环境的IMT-2000信道模拟器设计及仿真实现。重点分析了实现该信道模拟器慢衰落的相关性整形和频率选择性多径衰落的实时硬件实现两个算法,给出了数值计算和仿真结果,结果表明该信道模拟器较好地仿真出了2 GHz信道的一阶和二阶统计特性,可作为第三代移动通信研究和设备研制的有效工具。     

Modeling time series data with semi-reflective boundaries

Time series data are increasingly common in many areas of the health sciences, and in some instances, may have natural boundaries serving as performance guidelines or as thresholds associated with adverse outcomes. Such boundaries may be labeled as semi-reflective, in that the time series values have an increased chance of returning towards middle levels as the boundaries are approached, but boundaries can still be breached. In this paper we review a model that was previously proposed for such data and we investigate its statistical properties. Specifically, this model consists of a third-order auto-regressive projection component, parameterized as a constrained linear combination of linear, flat, and quadratic trends, and an error term that uses a logistic regression model for its sign. We describe and compare a previously-proposed estimation method with a modified version thereof, using computer simulations, as well as data examples from heart monitoring and from a driving simulator. We find that the two methods tend to give different results, with the modified technique having lower bias and more accurate confidence intervals than the previously-proposed method.     

基于Ansys的超大中空液压伺服摆动马达有限元分析

为了理论估算和分析超大中空液压伺服摆动马达的抗变形能力和强度,文章根据弹性力学和材料力学的基本原理,以Ansys作为有限元分析工具,建立中空液压马达有限元模型,得出相应的理论分析结果,其结果表明马达的抗变形能力和强度在设计要求范围之内.然后通过马达的实际压力油作用下的相关零件变形试验对比,初步确认马达实际变形和理论分析基本一致,这也表明在Ansys中建立的中空液压马达模型是基本准确、可信的.     

卫星导航接收机测速精度测量方法研究

以GPS为例,研究卫星导航接收机动态测量精度的测量方法。讨论了被动式导航接收机的测速原理,阐述了卫星导航信号模拟源产生信号的基本方法,说明通过调节模拟源中各延迟环节的时延量,即可模拟产生相对于载频的频偏,以此作为接收机动态的理论真值并与实际测量值相比较,可获得包括速度在内的动态测量精度。在理论分析的基础上介绍了基于模拟源的接收机测速精度测量的实现方法。     

心电信号实验研究系统设计

本文设计了一个心电信号实验研究系统,系统可以采集、模拟任意导联心电信号,并将结果存储到心电数据库供研究分析使用。采集模拟仪采集或模拟可以采集任意导联、正常、异常心电信号,并保存结果;心电数据库以采集模拟仪为工具,在完成一些心电处理实验的基础上,采集并存储各种参数的心电信号,提供第三方研究使用。采集模拟仪和心电数据库组成一个实用系统,为心电信号的研究分析和相关仪器的开发提供了一个优秀的实验研究平台。