半脆弱印刷数字有意义水印算法研究

数字水印技术是在数字作品中嵌入不明显的记号。该文分析了印刷品制作中包含数模-模数转换过程的特性,与数字水印技术相结合,将纯数字域的防伪手段应用到模拟领域中的印刷品上。将印刷品扫描打印过程作为失真信道进行建模分析,并在算法中加入预失真;比较了数字水印各算法,结合印刷品的特性采用并改进特征值分解的方法,嵌入和检测有意义水印,通过该水印对二次扫描打印印刷品脆弱不可检测,来达到防伪的要求。该算法相对于空域算法和其他变换域算法有复杂度低、检测准确度高的优势。     

从语义学到心灵哲学： 重思对阿奎那关于理智之非物质性论证的一些批评

阿奎那关于个别感觉与普遍理性表征的理论是其对理智之非物质性论证的关键部分，但这一理论受到司各特、奥卡姆及布里丹等后来者的批评。然而，这些批评其实都不能成立。阿奎那的论证并不像罗伯特·帕斯纳奥对他的诘难中所说的那样，犯了从一个表征的语义内容推出此表征之本体论属性的“内容谬误”。此外，由布里丹本人的评论可以看出，布里丹实际上不得不接受他所批评的阿奎那论证所蕴含的主要内容。     

Cumulative correspondence analysis using orthogonal polynomials

Taguchi's statistic has long been known to be a more appropriate measure of association of the dependence for ordinal variables compared to the Pearson chi-squared statistic. Therefore, there is some advantage in using Taguchi's statistic in the correspondence analysis context when a two-way contingency table consists at least of an ordinal categorical variable. The aim of this paper, considering the contingency table with two ordinal categorical variables, is to show a decomposition of Taguchi's index into linear, quadratic and higher-order components. This decomposition has been developed using Emerson's orthogonal polynomials. Moreover, two case studies to explain the methodology have been analyzed.     

Characterization of singular balanced fractional sm factorial designs derivable from balanced arrays with maximum number of constraints

An upper bound on the maximum number of constraints for s-symbol balanced arrays is derived. It is shown that balanced fractional s^m factorial designs derived from some balanced arrays with the maximum possible number of constraints become singular.     

Skew-normal alpha-power model

In this paper, authors study properties and inference for the newly introduced skew-normal alpha-power model, generalizing both, the power-normal and skew-normal models. Inference is approached via maximum likelihood. Fisher information matrix is derived and shown to be nonsingular at the whole parametric space. Special emphasis is placed on the special case of the power–skew-normal model. Studies with real data illustrate the fact that the model can be very useful in applications, being able to overfit less general models entertained in the literature.     

Estimation of gaussian mixtures with rotationally invariant covariance matrices

Homoscedastic and heteroscedastic Gaussian mixtures differ in the constraints placed on the covariance matrices of the mixture components. A new mixture, called herein a strophoscedastic mixture, is defined by a new constraint, This constraint requires the matrices to be identical under orthogonal trans¬formations, where different transformations are allowed for different matrices. It is shown that the M-step of the EM method for estimating the parameters of strophoscedastic mixtures from sample data is explicitly solvable using singular value decompositions. Consequently, the EM-based maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is as easily implemented for strophoscedastic mixtures as it is for homoscedastic and heteroscedastic mixtures. An example of a “noisy” Archimedian spiral is presented.     

R–estimation of normed bivariate density functions

Normed bivariate density funtions were introduced by HOEFFDING (1940/41). In the present paper estimators for normed bivariate ranks and on a FOURIER series expansion in LEGENDRE polynomials. The estimation of normed bivarate density functions under positive dependence is also described     

Studying the dependence between ordinal-nominal categorical variables via orthogonal polynomials

In situations where the structure of one of the variables of a contingency table is ordered recent theory involving the augmentation of singular vectors and orthogonal polynomials has shown to be applicable for performing symmetric and non-symmetric correspondence analysis. Such an approach has the advantage of allowing the user to identify the source of variation between the categories in terms of components that reflect linear, quadratic and higher-order trends. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the study of two asymmetrically related variables cross-classified to form a two-way contingency table where only one of the variables has an ordinal structure.     

Use of balanced bipartite weighing designs as chemical balance designs

This paper deals with the use of balanced bipartite weighing designs as chemical balance designs when there Is a restriction on the number of objects that can be placed on either pan..The variance of each estimated weight and the covarlance of each pair of estimated weights are worked out.The use of additional weighing when the design matrix is singular is discussed.     

Measures of Association and Visualization of Log Odds Ratio Structure for a Two Way Contingency Table

The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association used for analysing an I × J contingency table. The total number of ORs to check grows with I and J. Several statistical methods have been developed for summarising them. These methods begin from two different starting points, the I × J contingency table and the two‐way table composed by the ORs. In this paper we focus our attention on the relationship between these methods and point out that, for an exhaustive analysis of association through log ORs, it is necessary to consider all the outcomes of these methods. We also introduce some new methodological and graphical features. In order to illustrate previously used methodologies, we consider a data table of the cross‐classification of the colour of eyes and hair of 5387 children from Scotland. We point out how, through the log OR analysis, it is possible to extract useful information about the association between variables.