SBR工艺特点及SBR脱氮除磷技术

介绍了序批式活性污泥法(Sequencing Batch Reactor,简称SBR)工艺的产生、发展和特点以及目前脱氮除磷研究的主要进展。     

海南城市污泥用于桉树种植

种植桉树后,土壤肥力下降,而城市污泥能提供桉树生长的营养物质。污泥用于桉树种植既能解决城市污泥的出路,又能给土地提供肥力,是可持续发展的模式之一。     

Ways out of the sewage sludge dilemma: Connecting administrative and participatory decision making

This paper examines the problem of decisions about the disposal of sewage sludge, in the face of stakeholder groups with varying viewpoints, based on a current case from the state of Lower Saxony in Germany. Like other developed countries, Germany faces the dilemma that sludge arisings are increasing (e.g., because of better water treatment) while disposal options are becoming more scarce. Lower Saxony relies heavily on landfill and agricultural application, but landfill of untreated sludge will be banned after 2005. The state Environment Ministry sees agricultural application as having various advantages, but it faces scepticism from various stakeholders. The ministry has therefore taken steps to encourage a long-term dialogue process with the main stakeholders, including farming organizations, food processors, other landowners such as the churches, and environmental and consumer organizations. The process began with a discussion forum in 1995 that led to the proposal of specific discussions with stakeholders. This paper focuses in particular on the dialogue with environmental and consumer groups. It analyzes the initial positions of the various stakeholders, describes the concrete steps taken so far, describes the ongoing efforts, and critically evaluates the procedures used as well as their implications in terms of the ideas of deliberation and analysis.     

污水处理中污泥的处置与利用

介绍和分析了我国污泥产生和处置利用的现状 ,比较了国内外采用的方法 ,并根据我国国情提出了污泥资源化、能源化的处置和利用途径的建议。     

Exposure Assessment of Heavy Metals Resulting from Farmland Application of Wastewater Sludge in Tianjin, China: The Examination of Two Existing National Standards for Soil and Farmland-Used Sludge

Land application is one of the major methods of managing municipal sludge in China. The sludge is used for fertilizing and conditioning soil, but due to the high concentration of heavy metals and other chemicals that it contains, improper use of sludge will lead to the contamination of farmland soil. To provide guidance on the application of sludge in China, the Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use (CSPSAU) were enacted, and implemented in 1985. Afterwards, the National Environment Quality Standards for Soil (NEQSS) were also formulated and put into effect in 1996. In this article, these two national standards were examined by means of exposure assessment. The main exposure pathway to humans that was considered was dietary intake of crops grown on the sludge-applied farmland. Five major types of agricultural crops (rice, wheat, tuber roots, vegetables, and fruits) and three groups of exposure population (the urban individual group, the rural sludge-applying individual group, and the rural sludge nonapplying individual group) were assessed. This case study in Tianjin, China, shows the necessity of reexamining the national standards of the CSPSAU and the NEQSS in the context of risk assessment. More comprehensive surveys and monitoring programs assessing heavy metals contained in farmland soils and crop tissues will be necessary for examining the risks to human health.     

Reliability Analysis for Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes

The reliability of a treatment process is addressed in terms of achieving a regulatory effluent concentration standard and the design safety factors associated with the treatment process. This methodology was then applied to two aqueous hazardous waste treatment processes: packed tower aeration and activated sludge (aerobic) biological treatment. The designs achieving 95 percent reliability were compared with those designs based on conventional practice to determine their patterns of conservatism. Scoping-level treatment costs were also related to reliability levels for these treatment processes. The results indicate that the reliability levels for the physical/chemical treatment process (packed tower aeration) based on the deterministic safety factors range from 80 percent to over 99 percent, whereas those for the biological treatment process range from near 0 percent to over 99 percent, depending on the compound evaluated. Increases in reliability per unit increase in treatment costs are most pronounced at lower reliability levels (less than about 80 percent) than at the higher reliability levels (greater than 90 percent, indicating a point of diminishing returns. Additional research focused on process parameters that presently contain large uncertainties may reduce those uncertainties, with attending increases in the reliability levels of the treatment processes.     

污泥浓缩工艺的应用现状和发展对策

污泥浓缩工艺有重力浓缩、气浮浓缩、机械浓缩等，目前重力浓缩池仍是我国城市污水处理厂污泥浓缩的主要工艺。污泥浓缩工艺的发展趋势主要有机械浓缩和气浮浓缩工艺逐步取代重力浓缩工艺、完善浓缩脱水一体化设备、研究开发低浓度污泥浓缩工艺等。     

SBR法处理广东地区城市污水实验研究

采用ＳＢＲ 工艺对广州地区城市污水进行了实验研究．结果表明：在一个反应装置内,可以达到既能去除有机物又能脱氮除磷的效果．处理后,出水 ＢＯＤ５浓度为 ５．１２－１３．６２ ｍｇ／Ｌ,去除率达８５％－９３％２出水ＣＯＤ浓度为１０．７－３２．２ｍｇ／Ｌ,去除率达８２％－８８％;出水ＮＨ３－Ｎ浓度在２．８３－９．８３ｍｇ／Ｌ,去除率达５３％－８７％;出水ＴＰ浓度为０．ｌ－０．４５ｍｇ／Ｌ,去除率达８５％、９９％．     

超临界水氧化处理油田含油污泥

利用一套自设的简便实用的超临界水氧化实验装置,对运用超临界水氧化法处理油田含油污泥进行了实验研究,实验中使用过氧化氢（H₂O₂）做氧化剂,考察了反应停留时间、反应温度、反应压力和pH值等工艺参数对含油污泥中原油去除率的影响。实验结果表明,超临界水中的氧化反应能有效去除含油污泥中的原油,去除率可达95%,反应停留时间、反应温度、反应压力是影响含油污泥中原油去除率的重要因素,随反应温度、反应停留时间和反应压力的增加,含油污泥中的原油去除率增加,pH值对去除率也有影响,但不大。对指导油田生产具有一定的实用价值。     

浅谈新建地方本科院校加强学风建设的有效途径

优良的学风是学生成长、成才的重要保障,也是新建地方本科院校生存和建设发展的关键。通过强调树立以人为本的教育理念、构建学风建设网络平台、完善教学管理保障机制和拓展激励成才的服务内容,以及创新校园文化育人氛围等,对新建地方本科院校的学风建设问题进行了多方位的探讨,以求从理论和实践的不同角度有所突破。