论载人航天国际法律制度的完善

目前，国际上关于载人航天器的法律规定主要涉及登记、损害赔偿以及营救等方面的内容，但随着载人航天的发展以及载人航天器的商业化运用，公约对“空间物体”的定义已无法涵盖载人航天器特征，对载人航天器的营救对象的规定过于单一，对载人航天器的登记信息不够明确，关于太空刑事犯罪的立法也是空白。针对此认为，应进一步明确空间物体与载人航天器的关系、扩大解释宇航员范围、完善载人航天信息登记制度、制定打击威胁外空安全刑事犯罪的国际公约。     

论中国载人航天法律制度的完善

随着载人航天技术的持续发展,整个国际社会,特别是中国,有关载人航天的法律问题日渐突出。在载人航天事业方面经过几十年的发展,中国已经成为世界上第三个成功掌握外空出舱活动技术的国家。然而,中国的空间立法严重滞后于航天技术的发展,而且这种矛盾随着载人航天的成功愈加明显。对此,中国应在遵守当前国际公约的基础上,加强国内立法,协调国际、国内相关法律规定,尽快制定空间行政法规,并将空间立法纳入国家立法规划,以保障中国空间战略的实现。     

Multitaper testing of spectral lines and the detection of the solar rotation frequency and its harmonics

We develop statistical testing methodology for closely spaced spectral lines based on multitaper spectrum estimates and apply it to a time series of solar magnetic field magnitude data recorded by the Ulysses spacecraft. The test is formulated through complex-valued weighted least squares. Using this test in combination with the test for well-separated lines, we can accurately detect the solar equatorial rotation frequency of the sun, and its harmonics, from data recorded by Ulysses's magnetometer at solar mid-latitudes; this is a potentially important result for solar physicists, since it has implications for the structure and dynamics of magnetic fields in the solar corona.     

航天器内仪器安装板的热分析计算

以航天器内安装有仪器及仪器盒的安装板为对象，建立热分析数学模型，计算安装板内温度分布并提供了不同的仪器安装位置及仪器发热量条件下安装板的温度状况。由此，可确定加剧温度不均匀分布的源处，得到仪器工作的热环境状况，可作为航天器热控制设计的重要依据，并可为进一步热分析计算时合理划分节点提供参考。     

Probabilistic Assessment of the Failure Risk of the Europa Clipper Spacecraft due to Radiations

The Europa mission approved in 2019 is still in the development phase. It is designed to conduct a detailed reconnaissance of that moon of Jupiter as it could possibly support life as we know it. This article is based on a top-down approach (mission → system → subsystems → components) to model the probability of mission failure. The focus here is on the case where the (uncertain) radiation load exceeds the (uncertain) capacity of critical subsystems of the spacecraft. The model is an illustrative quantification of the uncertainties about (1) the complex external radiation environment in repeated exposures, (2) the effectiveness of the shielding in different zones of the spacecraft, and (3) the components’ capacities, by modeling all three as dynamic random variables. A simulation including a sensitivity analysis is used to obtain the failure probability of the whole mission in forty-five revolutions around Jupiter. This article illustrates how probabilistic risk analysis based on engineering models, test results and expert opinions can be used in the early stages of the design of space missions when uncertainties are large. It also describes the optimization of the spacecraft design, taking into account the decisionmakers’ risk attitude and the mission resource constraints.     

Probabilistic Analysis of the Inadvertent Reentry of the Cassini Spacecraft''s Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators

As part of the launch approval process, the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel provides an independent safety assessment of space missions--such as the Cassini mission--that carry a significant amount of nuclear materials. This survey article describes potential accident scenarios that might lead to release of fuel from an accidental reentry during an Earth swingby maneuver, the probabilities of such scenarios, and their consequences. To illustrate the nature of calculations used in this area, examples are presented of probabilistic models to obtain both the probability of scenario events and the resultant source terms of such scenarios. Because of large extrapolations from the current knowledge base, the analysis emphasizes treatment of uncertainties.     

单脉冲雷达避开云层回波干扰的方法研究

单脉冲雷达发射和接收频率一致,这不可避免地带来了各种反射干扰.航天测控雷达具备针对周围近地反射回波干扰的避盲功能,但对常见的云层回波干扰却没有采取措施,造成雷达在多云或雨天执行任务时,容易受云层(包括云和降水粒子)回波干扰影响.该文对单脉冲雷达云层回波的成因、特征及其影响进行分析,提出航天测控任务中,单脉冲雷达如何躲避云层回波干扰影响的具体方法.     

椭圆轨道上航天器位置的一种计算方法

给出了沿椭圆轨道运动航天器真近点角和偏近点角的运动方程。用迭代法求出偏近点角变化规律,讨论了迭代收敛的充分条件。用数值积分方法求出真近点角与时间的关系曲线。数值模拟结果表明,该文提出的迭代计算方法有效且精度高,可作为航天器轨道计算的一种方法。