Contextual identity experiencing facilitates resilience in Native American academics

This article discusses the socio-cultural dynamics that interact with ethno-racial identity experiencing in a previously under-researched group. A qualitative interdisciplinary study with 40 Native American academics from 28 mainstream universities across the U.S. served as a case example with findings that contrasted with historically influential theoretical frameworks postulating identity confusion and conflicts at the intersection of one’s mainstream education and profession versus one’s ethno-racial community grounding. Instead of feeling pressure to identify with only one worldview, the contextual, dynamic identities associated with the inclusive and flexible self-concept of tribal participants allowed them to in turn take advantage of two divergent cultural meaning systems pertaining to their distinct socio-cultural contexts. These shifts were experienced as not endogenous but rather exogenous variables, which did not cause the historically theorized issues. Participants felt their tribal identities instead facilitated meaningful integration of the existing incongruences, which resulted in unexpectedly resilient subjective experiencing.     

从传统语境到认知语境的嬗变

传统语境观认为语境是一组静止不变的、用以制约交际和话语理解的共有知识的集合;认知语境规则从认知角度动态地研究语境,将交际主体的能动性纳入话语分析中,说明意义推理的心理依据和心理状态是一个"认知-推理"的动态过程。认知语境和传统语境在对语境因素构成的描述上相似,但对语境运作方式的解释大相径庭。从传统语境到认知语境是进步,但对认知语境运作方式的探索需要借助大量的实证研究。     

Gendered double embeddedness: Finding jobs through networks in the Chinese labor market

Inspired by the concept of “double embeddedness,” we argue that the gender gap in network-based job searching depends on the degree of legitimacy of gender status beliefs across institutional contexts. Analyses from the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey show that the gender gap in network-based job searching is larger in the market sector than in the state sector, as the gender status beliefs are more legitimate in the former than in the latter. Additionally, the sector difference of the gender gap in network-based job searching is significant when the resources channeled through networks are information-related, but it is insignificant when the network resources are influence-related. These findings indicate that job searching is double embedded in social networks and in cultural institutions.     

Division of Labor,Gender Ideology,and Marital Satisfaction in East Asia

Using data from the 2006 Family Module of the East Asian Social Survey (N = 3,096), this article examines associations of marital satisfaction with divisions of housework and gender ideology in four East Asian societies: urban China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Compared with Japanese and Korean married women and men, Chinese and Taiwanese spouses were more satisfied with their marriage and had more egalitarian divisions of housework, but simultaneously they held less egalitarian gender ideologies. Multivariate analyses showed that relative share of housework was negatively associated with marital satisfaction for Japanese and Korean men and for Korean and Taiwanese women. Egalitarian gender ideology was significantly associated with lower marital satisfaction only among Taiwanese women. In addition, the negative association between housework and marital satisfaction was more pronounced for Taiwanese women who espoused more egalitarian gender ideologies. The authors discuss how differences in macro‐level social contexts explain these cross‐society variations.     

Sociocultural Contexts of Time to First Sex Among Hispanic Adolescents

This investigation examines the sociocultural influences on risk of first sex among a representative sample of Hispanic (primarily of Mexican origin) teens living in Los Angeles County. Teen acculturation (measured as language of interview) moderates the effects of gender on risk of sex, with less acculturated teens exhibiting the greatest gender difference. Teens living with both biological parents have significantly lower risk of sex and the effect of family acculturation (measured as generational status) operates through teens' language of interview. Neither measure of parent‐youth relationship (socioemotional support, parental control) is significant. Hispanic teens living in low‐density Hispanic neighborhoods have significantly higher risk of sex than do teens living in neighborhoods with higher levels of ambient hazards. The results highlight the importance of characterizing sociocultural influences at multiple levels of aggregation.     

制度环境、创业能力对国际创业模式选择的影响

基于制度理论和组织能力理论,通过对我国的172家国际新创企业进行问卷调查,运用层次回归分析模型对影响国际创业模式选择的能力因素和制度因素进行实证研究。研究表明,创业能力强的国际新创企业偏好于采用高级的国际创业模式,而且这种创业偏好在制度环境友好的东道国更加明显。     

退溪“礼缘仁情”中的易学思想

退溪学《易》、讲《易》、述《易》完全是为了进修践履。退溪既继承朱子,又与朱子有所不同。他认为“《易》乃理数渊源之书”,而不赞成朱子“《易》本为卜筮之书”的观点。退溪体悟《易》的时中之义至精,且身体力行之。他主张礼有因有革,有常有变,礼在践履中从俗、从宜、从权,其基点是“缘仁情”。     

"第六代"电影的后现代性解读

所谓"第六代",是指活跃在20世纪90年代的一批年轻的电影人.他们在电影艺术上大胆地进行先锋探索和试验,并从当下的社会现实出发,通过电影语言来阐释他们的生命体验和人性关怀.本文结合中国20世纪90年代的社会文化语境--全球化/后现代/后殖民的多重交织,通过对"第六代"电影个案<苏州河>(娄烨,1997年)的文本解读,进而对"第六代"电影作品从整体上进行后现代性分析,以进一步阐释中国90年代的社会文化结构及中国电影的未来走向.     

当戏剧的“一翼”变成“一统”--西方与俄苏左翼戏剧走向之比较

将西方与俄苏左翼戏剧作为主体来考察其各异的历史进程与走向,至少可以发现两方面的意义：一是认清左翼戏剧因语境变化而发生的生存状况的改变及可能的存在时段;二是确立左翼戏剧能够保有其“反叛”与“颠覆”品格的必要语境,即适当民主的社会政治氛围、多元的意识形态空间与自由的话语权力。以此阐明在何种条件下左翼戏剧能够作为戏剧的“一翼”得以存在和发展,又在何种政治语境中无法生存,以至于消亡。     

Pragmatics of Self- and Other-Reference in Young Children

During the first years of life, children come to understand and talk about a self separate from others. This study examined self- and other-reference and communicative intents expressed by children and parents in dyadic interaction at 14, 20 and 32 months. Research questions included whether children's early use of self- and other-reference pronouns occurred for expression of particular communicative intents, how use changed with age, and whether parent and child pragmatic expressions of self and other were similar. Results showed that children's early explicit reference to self tended to take the form of I rather than me/my/mine, and was used primarily in making statements about their intended actions, in making requests or proposals to their parents and in stating propositions about the world around them. Children during this developmental period were only beginning to refer to the present other with the pronoun you and these instances occurred primarily in making requests or proposals. Despite age-related increases in pronominal forms and intents, a small set of intents continued to provide the context for most self- and other-reference pronouns. In the communicative contexts in which they explicitly refer to self and other, children did not appear to exclusively mirror those which were observed in parental speech.