Taxonomy of outsourcing decision models

This article proposes a taxonomy of outsourcing decision models. The proposed taxonomy may assist practitioners in their decision-making and researchers in the identification, evaluation and classification of decision models. Further, this article also provides an overview and evaluation of existing outsourcing decision models, and assesses them for their applicability to the outsourcing decision process. In particular, this article finds that the outsourcing decision models proposed in the literature have limitations in their applicability to the outsourcing decision process.     

基于异构分类体系的书目数据库合并

将不同馆藏编码尤其是连分类系统都不相同的书库合并在一起,是一个综合性项目,涉及到很多因素。其中,选择一个好的书目数据合并算法十分重要。本文分析了书目数据合并时要处理的基本对象,建立了基于异构分类体系书目数据库合并的数学模型并讨论其解的情况,最后提出了解决这一问题需综合考虑的几个因素。     

On Myopic Stability Concepts for Hedonic Games

We present a unified look at myopic stability concepts for hedonic games, and discuss the status of the existence problems of stable coalition structures. In particular, we show that contractual strictly core stable coalition structures always exist, and present a sufficient condition for the existence of contractually Nash stable coalition structures on the class of separable games. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (D. Dimitrov)“by “D. Dimitrov gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.     

浅谈植物分类学的“十字”学法

植物分类学的十种学习方法,包括课堂内所采用的学法和野外实习中的学法,将两者相结合,会对植物分类学的学习有所帮助。     

Patterns of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Utilization and Manufacturing Capabilities

The objectives of this research are first to empirically replicate Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) utilization taxonomies identified in foregoing research, second to investigate the relationship between patterns of AMT utilization and manufacturing capabilities attainment, and third to explore differences in context, and performance across AMT groups. Theories of performance frontiers and capability progression provide the basis for our hypotheses. Data were collected from 224 U.S. manufacturing plants in industries considered to have potential utilizations of AMTs. A cluster analysis of the data yields a solution that closely resembles a previous AMT utilization taxonomy, including four groups labeled, respectively, as Traditionalists, Generalists, High Investors, and Designers. Significant manufacturing capability differences across these four groups indicate that plants that utilize a broader scope of AMTs enjoy a greater breadth of manufacturing capabilities. The implied capability attainment pattern is consistent with cumulative capability theory. However, the results suggest that cost capability is not included in the capability mix when broad‐based AMT utilization is the enabler of capability gains. A post hoc exploration of the AMT groups indicates significant differences in performance across the groups. Collectively, the results extend prior research by providing added insights into the possible rationale and impact of AMT utilization patterns.     

新版布鲁姆教育目标分类对外语教学与测试改革的启示

本文简要概述了对教学与测试的发展曾产生重大影响的旧版布鲁姆认知领域教育目标分类体系,着重介绍国内论述较少的新版分类理念和内容,评述新旧版本的异同,以及新版的应用实例,以期对国内教育界尤其是外语教学与测试的改革提供参考.     

A simplified taxonomy of 2 × 2 games

All 2 × 2 games are classified into eight configurations, following three natural criteria, and prototypes given for each, especially as concerns the Newcomb and chain-store paradoxes. Two pseudo-dynamic properties, move priority and dynamic inconsistency, are examined in that framework, as well as more specifically, the problem of the origin of social institutions.     

A Scale of Risk

This article proposes a conceptual framework for ranking the relative gravity of diverse risks. This framework identifies the moral considerations that should inform the evaluation and comparison of diverse risks. A common definition of risk includes two dimensions: the probability of occurrence and the associated consequences of a set of hazardous scenarios. This article first expands this definition to include a third dimension: the source of a risk. The source of a risk refers to the agents involved in the creation or maintenance of a risk and captures a central moral concern about risks. Then, a scale of risk is proposed to categorize risks along a multidimensional ranking, based on a comparative evaluation of the consequences, probability, and source of a given risk. A risk is ranked higher on the scale the larger the consequences, the greater the probability, and the more morally culpable the source. The information from the proposed comparative evaluation of risks can inform the selection of priorities for risk mitigation.     

泛珠江三角洲经济圈城市职能结构特征与分类研究

以城市的基本活动为出发点，运用因子分析法对泛珠江三角洲经济圈城市职能结构特征进行测度，并基于纳尔逊分类法对经济圈整体的城市职能进行分类。得出以下结论：经济圈以生产性和政策性职能为主，以其作为专业职能的城市数量占总数的比重超过80%，随时间演进，经济圈的生产性、服务性和基础性职能不断强化而政策性职能逐渐减弱；经济圈各产业部门整体的职能强度较低，侧重于多行业共同发展，拥有多种专业职能的城市为经济圈的主体；经济圈城市职能的专业化程度存在明显的空间分异，未来城市职能定位应基于现实职能特征进行调控。