Child Characteristics,Parenting Stress,and Parental Involvement: Fathers Versus Mothers

This study examined variations in the relationships among child characteristics, parenting stress, and parental involvement. Participants were 100 two‐parent families with preschool‐aged children. Self‐report and interview data were collected to measure parental involvement, as well as perceptions of child temperament and parental stress. Analyses revealed significant, yet somewhat different, associations between child temperament and parental stress for mothers and fathers. More significant associations were found between perceptions of child temperament and involvement for fathers than for mothers. The associations between child temperament and parental stress and involvement differed on the basis of child and parent gender. Results are discussed in terms of future research on father involvement, as well as programs designed to encourage fathers to assume more active parental roles.     

浅谈气质与大学生就业

气质是个性心理特征之一,属于个性结构中的风格系统,它使人的心理和行为带有特定的风格,了解气质的本质及特征,对于大学生在就业过程中个性完善、社会适应、心理保健等方面都有着重要的指导意义。     

朱彝尊“醇雅说”之探讨

指出浙西派创始人朱彝尊以其独特的"醇雅说"而在清代众多文学流派中独树一帜,其崇雅正、斥淫哇、抑豪放、偏清空的创作理念对当时及后世都产生了广泛的影响。结合朱氏生活的时代背景及其创作的大量的诗词作品,从多个角度探讨了朱氏作品的旨趣与风格,以期最终描绘出"醇雅说"的内涵及其在指导诗词创作中重要的理论价值。     

钩深致远，返本开新——清代前碑派碑学理论的建构

本文梳理了清代前碑派碑学理论发生的士人心态根源和时代学术背景,展示了碑学理论的建构过程:从顾炎武的开派示范到碑学审美理念的提撕以至书法史的重新清理。标举其钩深致远、返本开新的学术志向以及对书法历史资源沉实筛选和冷静清理的学术气质。继承发扬这种人文学术品格对于当下的书法研究具有深远的意义。     

中国文化下的禀性匹配模型

东西方文化维度的不同决定了组织中激励的方式各有差异。研究具有中国文化特质的“关系”与“面子”,理解“自我概念”“角色完成”“领导者的责任”“长期目标”“和谐关系”“满足感与平等感”等具体概念的东西方差异,建立修改后的综合分析模型,该模型表明虽然禀性匹配对于西方文化背景下的工作激励过程很重要,但在中国的领导者与员工之间,“关系”和“面子”更为重要。     

提高体育专业学生英语学习能力的调查分析

对省内外七所高校不同体育专业学生英语学习能力的全面调查,发现体育专业学生英语能力与其心智发展特点有关;根据这种特点,采取相应的学法教法对策,使他们的英语学习能力得到迅速提高,并为特殊专业学生的英语教学提供了理论和实践依据。     

齐《诗》“五际”说新探

在西汉今文三家《诗》中,齐《诗》最能反映汉代诗学的特征。这种特征主要表现在阴阳五行思想对诗学的影响,其代表性思想就是齐《诗》的“五际”说。“五际”说与律历、性情等思想有着密切关系,其具体内容应该指仁、义、礼、智、信“五性”,这与《诗纬》中的“四始五际”说是不同的。二者虽然都运用了阴阳五行学说,但侧重不同:齐《诗》“五际”说的根据主要是阴阳说,《诗纬》“五际”说的基础则主要是五行说。     

Approach and Positive Affect in Toddlerhood Predict Early Childhood Behavior Problems

The aim of the study was to examine the moderating role of positive affect on the relation between approach behaviors and adjustment outcomes. One hundred eleven toddlers participated in a laboratory assessment of approach and positive affect at 24 months. Behavior problems were reported by a parent in the fall of the child's kindergarten year. Results supported our hypotheses that children who displayed high approach and high positive affect in both non‐threat and low‐threat contexts were rated as higher in externalizing behavior problems. On the other hand, for children showing low positive affect, increases in approach in a moderate‐threat context lowered the risk of developing internalizing behavior problems. Implications for these findings are discussed, including methodological considerations of differences among eliciting contexts and advantages of separating positive affect and approach.     

Longitudinal relations between behavioral inhibition and social information processing: Moderating role of maternal supportive reactions to children's emotions

Utilizing multiple measures of interpretive biases, the current study examined the roles of toddlers’ behavioral inhibition (BI) and maternal supportive reactions to children's negative emotions in relation to children's interpretive biases across middle to late childhood. Toddlers’ BI was measured during several laboratory tasks (n = 248) at 2 and 3 years of age. Mothers reported on their reactions to children's negative emotional expressions when children were 7 years old (n = 203), and children's interpretations of social cues were assessed at 7 and 10 years of age (n s = 179 and 161, respectively). Toddlers with high levels of BI expressed less positivity toward social engagement with unfamiliar peers during discussion of ambiguous social situations. Further, children with high BI were less likely to attribute the cause of negative social situations to external factors, particularly when mothers were less accepting of children's negative emotional displays. Findings are discussed in terms of cognition related to the interpretation of ambiguous and threat‐related social situations among temperamentally at‐risk children.     

Predicting Children's Prosocial and Co‐operative Behavior from Their Temperamental Profiles: A Person‐centered Approach

The goal of this study was to examine how aspects of self‐regulation and negative emotionality predicted children's co‐operative and prosocial behavior concurrently and longitudinally using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Mothers completed measures of children's temperamental proneness to negative emotionality and self‐regulation at 54 months. Teachers and parents completed measures of children's co‐operative and prosocial behavior at 54 months, first grade, and third grade. A latent profile analysis of the temperamental variables revealed four profiles of children: those high in regulation and low in negative emotionality, those moderate in regulation and moderate in negative emotionality, those low in regulation and high in negative emotionality, and finally those who were very low in regulation but high in anger emotionality. Generally, children with profiles that were high or moderate in terms of regulation and low or moderate in terms of negative emotionality were rated as the most prosocial and co‐operative. Children with profiles that were less well regulated and who were high in negative emotionality (particularly anger proneness) were rated as less co‐operative and prosocial by parents and teachers.