私营企业女工权益保护论

在私营企业中 ，普遍存在着职工合法权益难以保障的问题，尤其是女工权益受侵害的问题更为普遍，也更 为突出。女工权益受侵害的原因，既有社会大环境方面的，也有企业主方面的，还有女工个 人方面的。制定专门的《私营企业法》，明确劳动契约原则，加强工商行政管理部门的管理 职能，加大新闻机构宣传与监督力度等，是有效保护女工合法权益的主要途径。     

空间光通信ATP系统设计分析

空间光束捕获、跟踪、瞄准（ＡＴＰ）技术在空间光通信中具有重要地位。文中讨论了空间光通信系统中的ＡＴＰ伺服系统的结构,并对系统稳态设计和系统动态综合等关键问题进行了详细的分析和研究。     

论人身自由权的暂时性法律保护——以行政强制措施检察监督为视角

人身自由权是人的最基本的、最起码的权利,公民人身自由权的保护通过宪法确认,由具体的法律制度落实。我国法律制度中缺乏对行政权剥夺人身自由权的权力制约,从而使得人身自由权遭到严重侵害。暂时性法律保护的权力制约性、暂时性、及时性（中止性）和救济中的救济能够实现人身自由权的保护。人身自由权遭受严重损害的现实和现有的监督机制不足以保障公民人身自由权,使得人身自由暂时性法律保护成为必然。十八届四中全会的政策要求、国外的成功经验、民法上的人身安全保护令的实践经验以及刑罚执行上的“刀下留人”的经验使得人身自由暂时性法律保护成为可能。暂时性人身自由的法律保护制度适用于行政行为。借鉴西方人身保护状制度、建立限制人身自由行为的事前报告审查和行政相对人请求保护制度,能够实现人身自由的暂时性法律保护。     

Postdisaster Housing Stages: A Markov Chain Approach to Model Sequences and Duration Based on Social Vulnerability

Housing recovery is an unequal and complex process presumed to occur in four stages: emergency shelter, temporary shelter, temporary housing, and permanent housing. This work questions the four-stage typology and examines how different types of shelter align with multiple housing recovery stages given different levels of social vulnerability. This article also presents a Markov chain model of the postdisaster housing recovery process that focuses on the experience of the household. The model predicts the sequence and timing of a household going through housing recovery, capturing households that end in either permanent housing or a fifth possible stage of failure. The probability of a household transitioning through the stages is computed using a transition probability matrix (TPM). The TPM is assembled using proposed transition probability models that vary with the social vulnerability of the household. Monte Carlo techniques are applied to demonstrate the range of sequences and timing that households experience going through the housing recovery process. A set of computational rules are established for sending a household to the fifth stage, representing a household languishing in unstable housing. This predictive model is exemplified on a virtual community, Centerville, where following a severe earthquake scenario, differences in housing recovery times exceed four years. The Centerville analysis results in nearly 5% of households languishing in unstable housing, thereby failing to reach housing recovery. These findings highlight the disparate trajectories experienced by households with different levels of social vulnerability. Recommendations are provided at the end for more equitable postdisaster recovery policies.     

凌纯声先生的赫哲族田野调查--从现代中国实地调查研究的学术背景谈起

凌纯声先生1930年的赫哲族田野调查是中国民族学和人类学界一次科学的实地调查,具有开创性意义.本文从现代中国提倡和注重实地调查研究的学术背景来审视这次田野调查.上世纪20年代后,中国人文社会科学逐渐从吸收传播"西学"向研究中国历史、社会、民族文化转变,朝着"本土化"的方向努力,从而形成了提倡实地调查研究的学术风气,而且中国学者进行了多次学术实践.这次田野调查与那个时代的学术背景密切相关,并且体现出其学术背景.本文还论述了蔡元培先生与这次田野调查的密切关系.     

西部六城市流动人口调查综合报告

自中央实施"西部大开发"发展战略以来,在西部省区基础设施和许多行业的大量投资吸引了大量来自东部和邻近农村的流动人员。我国西部是少数族群聚居区,在发展过程中各民族之间存在相互协作的广阔空间,也存在发展机会和利益分配方面的相互竞争关系。为了调查和分析近年来西部的人口流动及其对当地族群关系的影响,我们在西部六个重要城市开展了流动人口的问卷调查。本文以这次问卷调查的数据为基础,系统地分析了西部大城市中流动人口的基本特征、就业状况、收入与消费情况以及他们与当地居民之间的交往。这些量化分析的研究成果,将便于我们进一步深入分析"西部大开发"过程中人口流动对当地经济建设、社会生活和族际交往所带来的影响。     

社会资本与政治稳定

转型时期的社会分层与利益格局调整,文化与价值观念冲突影响到我国的政治稳定。而以信任、互惠规范和关系网络等形式存在的社会资本是促进政治稳定和社会和谐的社会资源。这些社会资本能够增强公民的政治认同感,为公民的利益表达提供参与网络,为公民的价值认同提供良好的社会规范与秩序,从而实现社会和谐与政治稳定。     

The effect of paid maternity leave on low-income families' welfare use in the US

Despite the critical role that paid maternity leave can assume in the economic lives of low-income families, research to date has paid insufficient attention to whether paid maternity leave reduces welfare use for low-income families. Using the Current Population Survey (CPS) March Supplement 2007–2014 with the difference-in-difference (DiD) technique, this study finds a significant policy effect of paid maternity leave on reducing the probability of using Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), TANF benefit amounts and TANF participation length. This study confirms that paid maternity leave is likely to prevent low-income families from using welfare during job interruptions stemming from the birth of a child. Given that TANF is often associated with negative political and social connotations, paid maternity leave can be used as an important social policy to improve economic security as well as offer empowerment in overall social standing for low-income mothers. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings in a broader context of American welfare states.     

“阶层固化”现象下大学生的生命诉求

大学生对于"阶层固化"现象尤为关注。因为"阶层固化"使一些没有家庭背景和社会关系的大学生拼不过权力,拼不过资本,拼不过"关系",容易使其产生消极、无奈、绝望的生命困惑。所以,呼吁科学合理的制度构建,期待以人为本的生命教育,打造德才兼备的全新自我是"阶层固化"现象下大学生的生命诉求。     

论外出农民工“临时夫妻”的性质及其解决对策

目前我国沿海城市出现了外出农民工“临时夫妻”现象,且呈现愈演愈烈的趋势。尽管问题的产生有其特殊背景和原因,但这种行为在性质上是违反社会公序良俗和法律的,容易引发家庭纠纷和社会矛盾。在推进新型城镇化的进程中,我们应当通过制定《农民工权益保障法》,破除城乡一体化障碍,促进农村人口流动模式的转变,加强法制宣传教育,依法处理矛盾纠纷,惩治破坏婚姻家庭秩序的违法犯罪行为等多种途径,从法律上切实维护外出农民工的婚姻家庭权益,为实现外出农民工市民化提供法治保障。