The relationship between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age

A large literature demonstrates the direct and indirect influence of health on socioeconomic attainment, and reveals the ways in which health and socioeconomic background simultaneously and dynamically affect opportunities for attainment and mobility. Despite an increasing understanding of the effects of health on social processes, research to date remains limited in its conceptualization and measurement of the temporal dimensions of health, especially in the presence of socioeconomic circumstances that covary with health over time. Guided by life course theory, we use data from the British National Child Development Study, an ongoing panel study of a cohort born in 1958, to examine the association between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age. We apply finite mixture modeling to identify distinct trajectories of health that simultaneously account for timing, duration and stability. Moreover, we employ propensity score weighting models to account for the presence of time-varying socioeconomic factors in estimating the impact of health trajectories. We find that, when poor health is limited to the childhood years, the disadvantage in socioeconomic attainment relative to being continuously healthy is either insignificant or largely explained by time-varying socioeconomic confounders. The socioeconomic impact of continuously deteriorating health over the life course is more persistent, however. Our results suggest that accounting for the timing, duration and stability of poor health throughout both childhood and adulthood is important for understanding how health works to produce social stratification. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between confounding and mediating effects of time-varying socioeconomic circumstances.     

Random effects regression mixtures for analyzing infant habituation

Random effects regression mixture models are a way to classify longitudinal data (or trajectories) having possibly varying lengths. The mixture structure of the traditional random effects regression mixture model arises through the distribution of the random regression coefficients, which is assumed to be a mixture of multivariate normals. An extension of this standard model is presented that accounts for various levels of heterogeneity among the trajectories, depending on their assumed error structure. A standard likelihood ratio test is presented for testing this error structure assumption. Full details of an expectation-conditional maximization algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation are also presented. This model is used to analyze data from an infant habituation experiment, where it is desirable to assess whether infants comprise different populations in terms of their habituation time.     

对增强新时期大学生思想政治教育理论说服力的思考

国务院《关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》科学地阐明了重视科学理论、加强理论武装对于做好新形势下大学生思想政治教育的极端重要性,明确了理论在思想政治教育中的基础性作用。探析增强大学生思想政治教育理论说服力的路径,是贯彻《意见》精神、做好新世纪新阶段大学生思想政治教育工作的必然要求。     

《沧浪诗话》与明代格调论

南宋严羽的《沧浪诗话》在以下几个方面影响了明清时期的格调理论 :1 追求“自然浑成”的诗歌审美理想 ;2 注意辨识诗歌体制、风格特点 ;3 高度重视诗歌的方法、技巧 ;4 强调灵感的作用     

What Do Grandmothers Think about Self‐esteem? American and Taiwanese Folk Theories Revisited

The study investigates European American and Taiwanese grandmothers’ folk theories of childrearing and self‐esteem, building on an earlier comparison of mothers from the same families. Adopting methods that privilege local meanings, we bring grandmothers’ voices into the conversation about childrearing, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of intergenerational nuances in folk theories. In each cultural case, 16 grandmothers of 3‐year‐olds participated in in‐depth interviews that were customized according to local communicative norms. Although self‐esteem emerged as a central organizing concept in the folk theories of European American mothers, grandmothers spoke in two voices, either echoing their daughters or invoking a counter‐discourse of wariness towards self‐esteem. By contrast, Taiwanese mothers and grandmothers resembled one another—but differed from their American counterparts—in treating self‐esteem as peripheral in childrearing. Results contribute to the growing consensus that self‐esteem is a culture‐specific childrearing goal and suggest that the European American tendency to valorize self‐esteem varies by generation.     

Fuzzy K-means clustering models for triangular fuzzy time trajectories

We focus our attention on the classification of fuzzy time trajectories with triangular membership function, described by a given set of individuals. To this purpose, we adopt a fullyinformational approach, explicitly recognizing the informational nature shared by the ingredients of the classification procedure: the observed data (Empirical Information) and the classification model (Theoretical Information). In particular, by supposing that the informational paradigm has a fuzzy nature, we suggest three fuzzy clustering models allowing the classification of the triangular fuzzy time trajectories, based on the analysis of the cross sectional and/or longitudinal characteristics of their components (centers and spreads). Two applicative examples are illustrated.     

古代文论"养气"说之流变

“养气”说源于儒、道哲学上的“养气”论 ,是古代文论的重要学说之一。古代文论“养气”说的发展可以分为先秦两汉、魏晋六朝、唐宋元、明清等四个历史阶段。在历史发展中 ,“养气”说形成了几种有代表性的观点 ,涉及到作家道德人格之修养、创作心态之培养、艺术才能之习练、艺术个性之发扬、人生阅历之增广等一系列重要理论问题。     

亚当·斯密的公路经济理论

研究了亚当.斯密公路经济理论的几个重要观点:公路的选址和规模、资金筹措、运营和征收车辆通行税等,并分析了车辆通行税管理权划归中央或地方的标准,得出建立监督机制、关注乡村公路和偏远公路有利于公路发展的结论,这对中国公路建设理论与实践有重要的借鉴作用。     

论思想政治理论课教学中知识性与思想性的统一

在新的世纪,国内外形势发生了重大的变化。在这种背景下,如何实现思想政治理论课知识性与思想性的统一,是摆在思想政治理论课教师面前的大问题,文章从思想政治理论课教师的角度对这一问题进行了阐述。     

当代科技翻译工作者职业发展的挑战和对策

近代以来,科技翻译有力推动了我国的科技发展和社会进化,在民族复兴的新征程中,科技翻译事业仍有重要意义。在当今科技进步与社会变迁对科技翻译职业带来诸多挑战的背景下,探讨了当代科技译者面临的职业难题与对策,以及科技译者应具备的专业素养。青年译者宜利用好新技术,产出更优质的成果,并调整职业规划,将翻译与专业方向相结合,成长为复合型人才,以翻译为核心竞争力胜任多种专业工作。为应对科技文献的新特点,优秀译者需具备坚实的翻译能力基础、充分的专业知识储备和基本的翻译理论素养。同时,译者还可培养编辑、写作等能力和专业敏感度、跨学科视野等综合素质,从而满足职业融合的需要。