Single-stage sampling procedure of the t best populations under heteroscedasticity

Given k( ? 3) independent normal populations with unknown means and unknown and unequal variances, a single-stage sampling procedure to select the best t out of k populations is proposed and the procedure is completely independent of the unknown means and the unknown variances. For various combinations of k and probability requirement, tables of procedure parameters are provided for practitioners.     

双字组合理解模式探索

新词语不断增加,计算机处理真实文本时不可避免地要面对大量的未登录词。本文认为,从词典中的已登录词出发,描写每个单字的构词属性,如构词时的位置、能产的构词模式、处于不同位置的单字构词时对另一个构词成分在句法和语义上的要求、组合以后的意义理解模式等,有助于计算机准确地识别和理解未登录词。     

Nonparametric tests of hypotheses for umbrella alternatives

The author proposes a general method for constructing nonparametric tests of hypotheses for umbrella alternatives. Such alternatives are relevant when the treatment effect changes in direction after reaching a peak. The author's class of tests is based on the ranks of the observations. His general approach consists of defining two sets of rankings: the first is induced by the alternative and the other by the data itself. His test statistic measures the distance between the two sets. The author determines the asymptotic distribution for some special cases of distances under both the null and the alternative hypothesis when the location of the peak is known or unknown. He shows the good power of his tests through a limited simulation study     

Reduced Rank Discrimination

In this paper the problem of classifying an individual with p characteristics into one of k multivariate normal distributions with common unknown covariance matrix is considered when the matrix of ( k +1) means has a linear structural relationship, that is, it lies in an r -dimensional plane, where r 相似文献   

当代英美哲学实在论与反实在论语境中的他心问题

身心问题是西方形而上学传统中的一个重要问题,通常也被看作形而上学问题的主要内容。但自从20世纪初的一场哲学革命之后,随着形而上学的被抛弃,身心问题也被英美哲学家们看作思辨哲学的最后堡垒而被抛弃了。由于语言哲学的深入发展,特别是因为后期维特根斯坦的工作,哲学家们愈加关注语言使用者的心灵活动对语言使用所产生的重要的甚至是关键性的影响,对心灵问题的研究正逐渐成为英美语言哲学发展的最新形式,“心灵哲学”被看作是语言哲学的核心。而在这个领域中,他心问题则是实在论与反实在论争论的焦点所在。     

Wavelet‐Based Testing for Serial Correlation of Unknown Form in Panel Models

Wavelet analysis is a new mathematical method developed as a unified field of science over the last decade or so. As a spatially adaptive analytic tool, wavelets are useful for capturing serial correlation where the spectrum has peaks or kinks, as can arise from persistent dependence, seasonality, and other kinds of periodicity. This paper proposes a new class of generally applicable wavelet‐based tests for serial correlation of unknown form in the estimated residuals of a panel regression model, where error components can be one‐way or two‐way, individual and time effects can be fixed or random, and regressors may contain lagged dependent variables or deterministic/stochastic trending variables. Our tests are applicable to unbalanced heterogenous panel data. They have a convenient null limit N(0,1) distribution. No formulation of an alternative model is required, and our tests are consistent against serial correlation of unknown form even in the presence of substantial inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals. This is in contrast to existing serial correlation tests for panel models, which ignore inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals by assuming a common alternative, and thus have no power against the alternatives where the average of serial correlations among individuals is close to zero. We propose and justify a data‐driven method to choose the smoothing parameter—the finest scale in wavelet spectral estimation, making the tests completely operational in practice. The data‐driven finest scale automatically converges to zero under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation and diverges to infinity as the sample size increases under the alternative, ensuring the consistency of our tests. Simulation shows that our tests perform well in small and finite samples relative to some existing tests.     

Meeting at the Thin Places: Synchronicities in Clinical Practice

Unusual events, beyond mere coincidences, may occur during the course of psychotherapy. Yet, clinical training often does not prepare therapists how to understand and potentially engage with these encounters. The aim of this report is to explore the emergence of synchronistic events in therapy, while providing two clinical case composites to illustrate the author’s central points. Drawing on the Celtic concept of “thin places,” a new understanding of synchronicities and the therapeutic relationship is offered.     

Disclosure of Unknown Harms in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research

Unknown harms are by their nature difficult to communicate. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has known risks (e.g., metal projectiles, dislodgement of medical implants), this imaging modality also has potential unknown long-term negative health effects associated with its static magnetic fields. We carried out a research ethics board (REB) file review of previously approved MRI research studies and found that unknown risks were either left undisclosed or were inadequately disclosed to research participants and REBs. This article outlines issues raised by our REB file review and suggests steps that should be taken in order to satisfactorily communicate information about potential unknown harms of MRI.     

藏传因明充足理由之三项条件与形式逻辑假言判断三形式之比较

藏传因明的正确论证论式是一个具有充足理由(正因)的论式,要具有充足理由必须要具备充足理由的三项条件,而这三项条件就是三个判断。三项条件中的第二项和第三项条件具有形式逻辑的假言判断性质。本文通过对该两项条件的假言判断性质的分析,旨在说明藏传因明对假言判断范畴的研究。     

GQL estimation in linear dynamic models for panel data

In the econometrics literature, it is standard practice to use the existing instrumental variables as well as generalized method of moments approaches for the estimation of the parameters of a linear dynamic mixed model for panel data. In this paper, we introduce a generalized quasi-likelihood estimation approach that produces estimates with smaller mean squared errors when compared with the aforementioned and other existing approaches.