濒危状态的赫哲语

赫哲人的语言观念如何,濒危状态的赫哲语掌握者的比例、地理分布、年龄结构、语言能力等特征都是濒危状态赫哲语值得探讨的问题。     

THE PARTICIPATION DIVIDE: Content creation and sharing in the digital age

This paper looks at the prevalence of creative activity and sharing in an age when the barriers to disseminating material have been considerably lowered compared with earlier times. The authors use unique data to explore the extent to which young adults create video, music, writing and artistic photography, as well as the prevalence of sharing such material online. Findings suggest that despite new opportunities to engage in such distribution of content, relatively few people are taking advantage of these recent developments. Moreover, neither creation nor sharing is randomly distributed among a diverse group of young adults. Consistent with existing literature, creative activity is related to a person's socioeconomic status as measured by parental schooling. The novel act of sharing online, however, is considerably different by gender with men much more likely to engage in it. However, once internet user skill is controlled for, men and women are equally likely to post their materials on the Web.     

Exploratory Study on Drug Users’ Perspectives on Quality of Life: More than Health-Related Quality of Life?

In drug treatment outcome literature, a focus on objective and socially desirable indicators of change (e.g. no drug use) has predominated, while outcome indicators that are important for drug users themselves (e.g. quality of life, satisfaction with treatment) have largely been neglected. Nonetheless, Quality of Life (QoL) has become an important concept to evaluate effectiveness of treatment in mental health care research and disability studies. Given the almost exclusive focus on Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in substance abuse research and the neglect of clients’ perspectives in this field, we explore in this study the concept of QoL as perceived by drug users. Focus group discussions (n = 9) were organised in various treatment settings and community services for drug users in the region of Ghent, Belgium to identify important dimensions of QoL and their interpretation by drug users. Data were clustered and analysed based on the theoretical framework of Robert Schalock (Quality of life. Volume 1: Conceptualization and measurement, 1996). The domains ‘personal relationships’, ‘social inclusion’ and ‘self-determination’ were discussed most frequently by the participants. They stressed the importance of a supportive social network in particular. It can be concluded that QoL is not primarily associated by drug users with health and it involves much more than the aspects typically represented in measures of HRQOL.     

Gauging the Acceptability of HIV Vaccines: An Exploratory Study Examining Knowledge,Attitudes, and Beliefs Among Injecting Drug Users in Viet Nam

ABSTRACT

In contrast to other countries in Southeast Asia, the HIV/ AIDS epidemic is in the initial stages in Viet Nam, although the rates have increased notably since 1997. This study examined attitudes towards the use of an HIV vaccine (when one becomes available) as a means for preventing the disease. Since injecting drug users are the great majority of those affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Viet Nam, two focus groups (n = 18) were conducted among this population to identify potential barriers and incentives for HIV vaccination. Most were willing to be vaccinated if an HIV vaccine were available. Although there were some concerns about side effects, financial costs, and stigmatization, the benefits were seen to outweigh the risks. The findings may help governments better understand the potential demand for this type of vaccine and design social marketing campaigns for post-trial HIV vaccine dissemination in order to maximize potential uptake of an HIV vaccine.     

Learning from service users’ involvement: a research about changing stigmatizing attitudes in social work students

Abstract

Stigmatizing attitudes can create barriers to forming partnership with service users and to developing people’s empowerment. So, social work education must help students overcome their stigmatizing attitudes. A useful strategy for bringing about changes is service users’ and carers’ involvement in social work education, providing students with direct exposure to stigmatized people in roles that emphasize their humanity and strengths, rather than their deficits. The present study assessed the impact of a one-day meeting with service users and carers members of self-help and mutual-aid groups on freshman social work students. Students completed an adapted version of Attitudes to Mental Illness Questionnaire before and after the meeting, and answered several qualitative questions. Data comparisons suggest that after face-to-face contact with service users and carers, social work students showed reduced stigmatizing attitudes. Implications for further research and social work education are discussed.     

传播力与媒介使用者的关系变迁——新媒体语境下对传播学经典问题的再思考

传播力和媒介使用者的关系,在中性技术的作用下从大众传播语境到新媒体语境发生了一系列的变迁,这些变迁对如何解读新媒体的发展和传统大众媒介的变革提供了新的观察视角;在传播力和媒介使用者关系变迁的过程中,大众媒介的数字化和关系化、信息网络的社交化和媒介化、多场域复合扩张与连续在场,共同呈现出已成为技术现实的无处不在的媒介和持续不断的信息流,而传播力和媒介使用者的关系变迁将让这种技术现实继续转化为社会现实,并带来信息价值和媒介伦理等值得反思的潜在问题.     

基于音乐搜索排行榜测量的研究

在现代生活中,音乐、电影和美术已经是不可或缺的重要组成部分。音乐排行榜在音乐工业中也起着非常重要的作用。针对一种新型的排行榜,实时的搜索排行榜进行研究。通过数据的采集与分析,研究这一类型的排行榜的排名特征和用户行为。从研究结果中,发现了搜索排行榜与传统的商业性排行榜的差别就是这一新兴排行榜中存在一部分特殊用户。近而研究了这些特殊用户的用户行为特征以及给排行榜带来的影响。     

A gender comparison of HIV and drug use across the rural-urban continuum

Despite the central role of women drug users in escalating AIDS statistics, there is still a limited number of studies that examine the roles of gender and drug use type in HIV seroprevalence. This lacuna in the research literature has led to significant gaps in researchers' understanding of how and to what extent women may differ in their drug-using and HIV risk behaviors compared to their better-studied male counterparts. This study, derived from a sample of 3,555 out-of-treatment drug users residing in three South Florida urban and rural communities, attempts to compare the drug usage and needle and sexual risk behaviors of male and female drug users that put them at risk for HIV infection. The overall seropositivity rate for women drug users was 26.5% compared to 19.5% for their male counterparts. Results of multivariate analyses indicate that females compared to males were 1.4 times more likely to be HIV seropositive. Risk behaviors associated with this elevated seropositivity include living arrangements, homeless status, drug use, sexual trading behaviors, and history of STDs. Furthermore, there was a strong linear relationship between drug use type and HIV seroprevalence among women drug users. Compared to those who were neither crack smokers nor injectors of illicit drugs, those who were crack smokers only were 2 times more likely to be HIV seropositive, while those who were both crack smokers and injectors were 5 times more likely to be HIV seropositive, and those who were injectors only were 6 times more likely to be HIV seropositive. These findings indicate that among women, drug abuse and its associated risk behaviors, increase the vulnerability of this population for HIV and thus render them an extremely important priority population on which to focus HIV prevention and public health efforts and programs.     

从用户视角探索英语学习词典语法标注的发展趋势——兼评历版《牛津高阶学习词典》中的语法标注

《牛津高阶学习词典》从1948年出版以来，迄今为止已经先后经历六次改版。每个版本都各有特色，同时又在已往各版的基础上有所创新。对世界词典编纂的发展产生了深远的影响。本文基于语法标注在学习型词典编撰中的重要意义，从用户视角出发，综合评述了各版《牛津高阶学习词典》中的语法标注。在此基础上提出了今后英语学习词典语法标注的发展趋势。     

The Use of Lay Assessors

This paper reports on some findings from a research study conductedby the authors for the Commission for Social Care Inspection.It examines the reasons for the involvement of lay assessorsand perceptions of the effectiveness of lay assessors in specificregulatory functions.