最终需求对国民经济及其各部门的诱发分析——2002年投入产出表系列分析报告之四

 摘　　要:本文利用1997年、2002年的投入产出表，定量的分析了各部门的生产结构、需求结构、进出口结构的变化情况，包括各部门经济规模及其在国民经济中的比重的变化。     

Do Work Demands and Resources Predict Work-to-Family Conflict and Facilitation? A Study of Iranian Male Employees

This study examined the effects of some work demands-resources on two dimensions of work-to-family interface among Iranian employees. The results of canonical correlation and multiple-regression showed that among work resources (i.e., social support and autonomy), social support was associated negatively with work-to-family conflict and autonomy was associated positively with work-to-family facilitation. Also, among work demands (i.e., job demands and working hours), job demands were associated with both work-to-family conflict and work-to-family facilitation. Unlike previous studies, working hours shows a positive association with work-to-family facilitation, which may be explained by the specific cultural context in Iran. The findings of the study will be of importance to employees and organizations.

In search of family-friendly careers? Professional strategies,work conditions and gender differences in work–family conflict

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether women in a dual-earner context acquire family-friendly jobs as a strategy to keep work–family conflict down. The analysis is based on a survey of newly graduated highly educated men and women in five occupations in Sweden (n?≈?2400). The sample was stratified by occupation and gender to minimize the influence of factors other than gender. The results show that women are more family-oriented, but also more career-oriented than men in their professional strategies. In their jobs, women have less control over work and schedules than men but a similar level of work demands. However, women face lower requirements for employer flexibility (e.g. frequent over time) and this is related to their professional strategies. Finally, women report a higher level of work–family conflict than men in the same occupation, but this gender difference becomes non-significant when accounting for women’s lower level of control. In sum, women in this sample clearly aim for both family and career and do not acquire family-friendly jobs, but aim to avoid ‘family-unfriendly’ requirements for constant availability. To some extent, this enables them to limit their work–family conflict but due to their lower control over work, women still experience more conflict than men in the same occupation.     

German fathers and their preferences for shorter working hours for family reasons

This study is among the first to analyze fathers’ preference for shorter working hours specifying that the preference is related to the wish to spend more time with the family. Assuming that preferences are context-dependent, this article explores the relevance of the family and workplace context for preference formation. We develop need-based and capability-based arguments to contrast the job demands–resources approach and the capabilities approach in work–family research. Using a sample of 632 fathers from the German LEEP-B3 data with a representative linked employer–employee design for large work organizations we conclude that fathers’ preferences for shorter working hours are indeed context-dependent and that there is more evidence for need-based arguments than opportunity based arguments. Our results indicate that fathers with young children and fathers with high work demands are more likely to desire shorter working hours, whereas a reduction in working hours appears to be unnecessary for fathers who can satisfactorily reconcile work and family life through support from their supervisors. In contrast to capability-based arguments the perception of a highly demanding work culture was not found to decrease but increase the likelihood to desire to work shorter hours.     

基于客户需求的移动数据产业生态系统研究

围绕移动数据业务的发展,立足于移动数据业务价值网络的研究,从产业生态系统的角度分析了价值网络各环节价值增值的原理.按照马斯洛的需求层次理论,提出了在有效运作客户资源的基础上,对移动数据业务市场需求进行分析的方法.根据移动数据业务的服务对象,对市场需求进行了分类.提出了以移动运营商为核心,包括网络设备供应商、系统集成商、终端设备制造商、内容及服务提供商、虚拟运营商和用户在内的移动数字产业生态系统的基本架构.     

按单装配系统中的协同补货问题研究

多库存品的库存系统中各库存品具有需求相关性在现实中很常见,但许多关于库存的文献并没有考虑这一点.针对按单装配系统的特性,本文研究了不同部件需求具有相关性的情况下的库存控制问题,分析了不同部件独立补货和不同部件协同补货两种补货策略.数值分析表明,按单装配系统中部件协同补货策略比部件独立补货策略具有更低的总成本.     

An upper bound on the minimal total cost of the transportation problem with varying demands and supplies

In general cases, to find the exact upper bound on the minimal total cost of the transportation problem with varying demands and supplies is an NP-hard problem. In literature, there are only two approaches with several shortcomings to solve the problem. In this paper, the problem is formulated as a bi-level programming model, and proven to be solvable in a polynomial time if the sum of the lower bounds for all the supplies is no less than the sum of the upper bounds for all the demands; and a heuristic algorithm named TPVDS-A based on genetic algorithm is developed as an efficient and robust solution method of the model. Computational experiments on benchmark and new randomly generated instances show that the TPVDS-A algorithm outperforms the two existing approaches.     

一体化的珠中江经济产业及其人力资源需求探析

一体化路径的确立是珠三角直面现实的方向性选择,也是珠三角深谋远虑的战略性决断。比较分析珠海、中山、江门三市的特色经济产业和优势,可以发现要将三市做强就应打破现有的行政壁垒、纠偏利益导向,实现资源有效配置,从而形成优势互补提升三市的核心竞争力。     

“网运分离”模式下我国铁路运输业路运的竞争

为铁路运输业引入竞争以提高其效率,是一切改革方案的最终目的。“网运分离”模式为此提供了可能。虽然从理论上分析,“网运分离”后铁路运输业存在多种竞争形式,但真正有效的是线路运营权的竞争和与其它运输方式间的竞争两种。从有效竞争理论和可竞争市场理论分析,在我国铁路运输业引入竞争,需要政府、企业、社会多方面的努力。     

对房价——收入衡量指标的修正

针对房价收入比指标衡量区域房地产价格与居民收入水平关系中的不足,提出人均住宅有效购买力系数的概念,阐述该指标的优点,并用该指标对1987年以来中国人均住宅有效购买力的变化和截止2004年底37个大中城市人均有效购买力的横向对比做了实证分析,进而探讨了建构中国房地产市场统计指标体系的新思路。