研究型大学创新团队建设与管理初探

创新团队是建设研究型大学的中坚力量,也是建设创新型国家的主要力量,具有重要研究价值和应用意义。为此,要适应科技创新规律,结合特色学科发展和国家需求牵引,不断探索创新团队运行和管理机制,形成稳定而和谐的创新环境,建设一批真正具有创新意识和创新能力的创新团队和创新实体。     

The Big Five personality factors and team performance: implications for selecting successful product design teams

In the pursuit of faster product development, product design teams are a growing phenomenon in many organizations. In order to be successful, these teams must be composed of people who work well together. However, despite the benefit of selecting the optimal combination of team members, this topic has received little attention. Personality has been identified as a potentially helpful selection variable in the determination of optimal team composition. This study examines the relationships between the ‘Big Five’ personality factors (Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Openness to Experience) and objective team performance for three-member product design teams. In addition to this, the potential incremental contribution of personality to the variance in team performance over that accounted for by established selection measures such as general cognitive ability was investigated. In the short duration of the study, it became apparent that some teams were capable of success, and some were not. Successful teams were characterized by higher levels of general cognitive ability, higher extraversion, higher agreeableness, and lower neuroticism than their unsuccessful counterparts. In successful teams, the heterogeneity of conscientiousness was negatively related to increments in product performance. Implications for the selection of product design teams and future directions for research are discussed.     

接点治理：论精准扶贫过程中的“村民评议”——对湘西B村的个案研究

作为深入乡土社会的“事件”,精准扶贫触发了国家政权和乡土社会之间的分歧。在数字化治理技术与乡土生活模糊性之间、国家正式权力与农村内生秩序之间、“区分逻辑”与乡土社会“平均主义”之间,两者存在明显差异。面对分歧,农村基层在精准扶贫过程中采取“村民评议”制度形成“接点治理”格局。研究发现,村民评议形成的接点治理主要包括以下治理机制：以熟人社会构成治理的信息机制,以多元主体参与构成治理的权威机制,以协商讨论构成治理的合法化机制。这一制度创造了新型制度场域和治理接点,有利于实现国家政权与乡土社会之间的融合。推进对湘西B村“村民评议”的个案分析,发掘其中的治理机制,完善其中存在的不足,实现从接点分离到接点融合,推进基层社会的有效治理。     

Workgroup interdependence and satisfaction from a developmental perspective: the moderating role of the group’s life cycle stage / Interdependencia y satisfacción en el grupo de trabajo desde la perspectiva del desarrollo: el rol moderador de la fase del ciclo de vida grupal

From a developmental perspective, workgroups adjust and modify the way they function over time. The present study aims to test, at the group level, the moderating role of the group’s life phase in the relationship between workgroup interdependence ties in terms of task, outcome and functions, assessed by social network density and group satisfaction. A sample of 84 teams from various companies participated in this research. The results showed that the group’s development phase determines the way that outcome interdependence density in teams is associated with satisfaction and reveal the existence of differences between the second and fourth development stages. Therefore, the group’s life cycle stage should be considered as a relevant variable in research and intervention with groups in the workplace.     

Managing C-suite conflict: The unique impact of internal and external governance interfaces on top management team reflexivity

The ability of Top Management Teams (TMTs) to reflect critically on their own actions represents an important element of effective TMT decision making and governance effectiveness. This paper therefore examines how the TMT-board interface internal to the organization, as well as the TMT interface with the external supervisory authority, shape TMT reflexivity. Drawing from governance and psychological theories, we posit that cognitive conflict at the TMT-board interface can escalate by increasing levels of affective TMT-board conflict, and hereby, harm TMT reflexivity if not managed well. This proposition was tested in a multisource team-level data set collected in the field among TMTs (N = 111 TMT members) and their supervisory boards (N = 152 board members) of 56 Dutch insurance companies. The findings demonstrate that the link between cognitive and affective TMT-board conflict is mitigated by board membership influx. Yet in cases where conflict escalation does occur, its subsequent impact on TMT reflexivity hinges on the degree to which an external supervisory authority monitored TMT actions. The results illustrate that TMT decision making processes can be effectively influenced by internal and external TMT-governance interfaces, yet at different conflict stages, and through different governance actions.     

宗族的民族性特征及其在村民自治中的表达--对捞车土家族村和摩哈苴彝族村的观察

在民族学研究中,宗族的民族性特征及其在村民自治中的表达一直未受到足够的重视.本文通过对捞车土家族村和摩哈苴彝族村的田野调查研究,指出某些少数民族在宗族观念上与汉族存在很大的差异汉族对宗族血亲关系高度重视,而某些少数民族对此却相对轻视.土家族是将已故地域性领袖土王当做共同的族祖神进行供奉与崇拜,彝族则是将图腾植物当做祖先进行供奉与崇拜.宗族的这些民族性特征在村民自治中或表现为对地缘政治领袖群体的认同,或表现为对村民自治权力竞争的集体无意识.     

湖南省高校高水平运动队建设现状及对策研究

按照评估指标从管理体制、队伍建设、目标定位、办队模式、生源问题、学习与训练、场地设施这几个方面对湖南省高校高水平运动队的建设现状进行研究分析。研究结果表明：针对运动队目标不明确,经费来源单一,招生职能协调不够完善;教学与训练无法协调等问题,高校高水平运动队应该明确权责,完善管理制度;积极转变思想观念,扩展资金渠道;完善场地及器材设备;缓解“学训矛盾”。     

村民自治中村民政治参与探讨———基于利益与利益机制的视角简

满足政治参与需求、提升政治参与水平、增强政治组织吸引力已成为研究农民在基层民主自治组织中参与政治生活的实践课题。随着农村经济的改革与发展,农村社会利益关系逐渐分化,利益主体、利益需求呈现多元化和多样化,这阻碍了村民自治组织功能的发挥,农村社会利益分配、导向、表达、协调等方面必须相应作出调整。本文基于利益与利益机制的视角,探讨了村民自治组织中农民政治参与的实现机制、动力机制、参与机制和保障机制的建构。     

农村治理模式选择之殇——基于华北X村的个案

改革开放之后,村民自治制度成为农村治理的基本政治制度。在国家自上而下将村民自治制度下沉到农村和农村自下而上去承接村民自治制度的互动过程中,村民自治出现了“惟村庄利益化”的现象。依据不同的视角可以将农村治理划分成不同的治理模式。以农村对国家供给项目资源的承接态度为标准,可以将农村治理化分为积极型、消极型和激进型治理模式。笔者考察了华北平原的X村在15年中经历了积极→消极→激进的治理模式的选择过程。得出以下结论：村民对农村治理模式选择是依据农村治理绩效的帕累托改进的标准,这种选择是一种理性选择,但往往会产生非正义的结果。将激进治理模式放在税费改革的时代背景之下,源自于农村获取治理资源的方式会发生由内部汲取到外部输入的根本转变。同时,地方政府在晋升锦标赛体制和政治维稳高压之下,也默许了激进型农村治理模式的存在。