民族记忆与文化基因--瑶族民族记忆中“中华民族共同体”文化基因的表征及其价值阐释

民族记忆既是传承民族文化基因的载体,也是彰显民族文化基因的重要文化表征。民族记忆作为延续民族历史和文化基因的内在根基,通过传承民族历史文化、建构民族身份、塑造民族形象等形式传承和彰显民族文化基因的内在特征。以瑶族为代表的少数民族文化基因是中华民族文化基因的重要组成部分,深入挖掘瑶族民族记忆中蕴含的“中华民族共同体”文化基因,并阐释其内在的价值与意义,对培育和铸牢我国各民族的“中华民族共同体”意识有着重要的理论价值与现实意义。     

试论农业生物基因工程技术产业化

农业生物基因工程技术产业化尚处在起步阶段 ,但是已经呈现迅猛发展势头。到目前为止 ,很多种农作物已经有了不同改良性状的转基因新品种 ,部分农作物的不同改良性状的转基因新品种已经进入商品化种植 ,并且商品化种植的面积逐年扩大。转基因农作物商品化种植面积主要分布在发达国家 ,广大发展中国家分布面积不大。农业生物基因工程技术产业化跳出了以前农业生产的基本思路 ,通过改造农作物以增强其适应不良环境的能力来发展农业生产。农业生物基因工程技术产业化面临人们对农业生物基因工程技术产业化是否会危害人类和环境的担心、农业生物基因工程技术不完善、农业生物基因工程技术研究和开发体制落后等问题。需要从强化农业生物基因工程技术安全管理和知识宣传、强化农业生物基因工程技术研究、深化农业生物基因工程技术研究和开发体制改革等方面解决这些问题     

反思全球化背景下的“传统”和“话语霸权”

传统不是器物遗迹,也不是一成不变的精神规定,传统是在现代文化运行中生成的事实和意义的复合,是由不同时代的变异体组成的连续体。传统在中国现当代文艺和文艺学中并不存在截然的断裂。所谓话语霸权在当代中国也只具有十分有限的意义。中国当代文艺中也有在全球化背景下化全球的典范。传统的生成类似于基因的生成,但基因制约性在当代条件下的受到限制,为我们敲响了警钟。应对全球化冲击,我们的文艺学应具有无为和有为相统一的智慧和策略。     

植物功能基因组学手段

综述了近几年发展起来的几种植物功能基因组学手段，对这些方法的优缺点作了比较．并讨论了植物功能基因组学的发展前景。     

牛心朴子草抗植物病毒组分的生物活性研究

牛心朴子草地上部分醇浸粗提物（H）对烟草花叶病毒（TMV）有高抑制活性。该草抗植物病毒有效组分是菲并吲哚是西定生物总碱（G），半中枯斑法测定（G）制剂对TMV，马铃薯Y病毒（PVY），和芜菁花叶病毒（TUMV）呈现高活性；用酶联免疫法（Elisa)测定(G）制剂对TUMV的最佳浓度防效，与枯斑法测定结果基本要符。（G）中含量最丰的（1）7－脱甲氧基娃儿藤碱（antofine)是该草活性最高的主组分，它在10^-6g/ml浓度的TMV抑制率达60％。     

肥胖基因

肥胖症已经逐渐成为了一个严重的健康问题和社会问题 ,对肥胖症的研究已深入到分子水平。自肥胖基因被克隆以来 ,针对肥胖基因的结构、突变、表达及其产物的生物学作用已进行了大量的研究。本文就肥胖基因的发现和定位、结构和突变及其产物———瘦素的相关研究进行了综述 ,并指出了对肥胖基因进行深入研究的相关领域     

Human immunodeficiency virus risk: is it possible to dissuade people from having unsafe sex?

Summary. The cumulative number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections worldwide has reached 60 million in little over 30 years. HIV continues to spread despite a detailed understanding of the manner in which it spreads and measures which can prevent spread. Some governments have been highly successful in containing the spread of HIV through blood products and from mother to child and among injecting drug users. Lack of political will, lack of resources or challenges to widely accepted scientific evidence have held back similar interventions in other countries. It has proved much more difficult to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV in both high and low income countries. A wide range of strategies has been identified but it remains unclear which strategies deserve priority and what methods of promoting them have the greatest effect. There is ample evidence that awareness of HIV and changes in sexual behaviour have occurred widely but the penetration of information remains poor in some vulnerable groups especially adolescents and women in poorer countries. Further obstacles face those who have information about the risk. The subordinate position of women and a desire for large families are important obstacles to condom negotiation and use. Urbanization, poverty, conflict and declining public services all exacerbate unsafe sexual behaviour. We argue that so-called 'structural' interventions directed at these wider contexts of unsafe behaviour merit greater attention. Such approaches have the added benefit of being less susceptible to 'risk compensation' which has the potential to undermine strategies directed at reducing the transmission efficiency of HIV.     

A modified false discovery rate multiple-comparisons procedure for discrete data, applied to human immunodeficiency virus genetics

Summary.  To help to design vaccines for acquired immune deficiency syndrome that protect broadly against many genetic variants of the human immunodeficiency virus, the mutation rates at 118 positions in HIV amino-acid sequences of subtype C versus those of subtype B were compared. The false discovery rate (FDR) multiple-comparisons procedure can be used to determine statistical significance. When the test statistics have discrete distributions, the FDR procedure can be made more powerful by a simple modification. The paper develops a modified FDR procedure for discrete data and applies it to the human immunodeficiency virus data. The new procedure detects 15 positions with significantly different mutation rates compared with 11 that are detected by the original FDR method. Simulations delineate conditions under which the modified FDR procedure confers large gains in power over the original technique. In general FDR adjustment methods can be improved for discrete data by incorporating the modification proposed.     

社会生物学视野中的人

本文简要论述了作为达尔文主义新发展的社会生物学在基因水平上力图恢复人的自然本质的努力,并分析了这种把人向基因的还原对人在自然界中的地位的影响,以及这种还原使人对自身及社会科学观念的改变.     

基因编辑的刑法规制 ——兼论非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪中的“情节严重”

CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术的主要特点在于操作简便、准确性高以及可遗传等,该技术在造福人类的同时也催生了基因编辑的风险。按照基因编辑的目的,可将基因编辑分为治疗型、预防型和增效型三种。增效型基因编辑以及将人类胚胎植入动物体内或将动物胚胎植入人体内的行为,严重违背医学伦理且造成人类毁灭危险,应属于刑法非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪中的情节严重。其他基因编辑行为也应视情况构成毁坏财物罪、侵犯公民个人信息罪、盗窃罪等。此外,为实现罪责刑相适应,需在相关行政法规中制定明确的技术标准,出现重伤或死亡结果时,根据行为人主观罪过视情况认定为非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪,故意伤害致人死亡或故意杀人罪。