Gender Unemployment Dynamics: Evidence from Ten Advanced Economies

The paper investigates gender unemployment dynamics in 10 advances economies applying a recent methodology on widely available Labour Force Surveys data. We calculate the job finding and separation rates for each gender and use them to construct the steady‐state unemployment gap as well as two counterfactual gender unemployment gaps: one generated by differences only in job finding rates and the other by differences only in separation rates. We find that in all countries the gender unemployment gap attributed to differences in the job finding rate is lower than the gap attributed to differences in the separation rate, suggesting that gender differences in the separation rate are the major factor behind the gender unemployment gap.     

基于单片机的无线遥控小车研究与实现

本文介绍了一种由STC12C5A60S2单片机控制的无线遥控小车,采用控传和图传独立设计的思想,即数据收发模块进行控制和温度数据的传输,图传模块负责作业环境的图像传输.控传部分以STC12C5A60S2单片机为核心,利用NRF24L01+模块数据收发,L298N电机驱动两路直流电机,使小车完成相应动作;DS18B20负责检测温度,由小车收发模块发射,LCD1602液晶模块显示.系统采用模块化设计,结构紧凑,便于优化,且可靠性能高.     

How much is too much: Does the size of income support transfers affect labor supply?

Cash transfer programs pursue mainly protective objectives, but can also impact rural livelihoods by inducing investments in productive activities and changing household labor allocation. We adopt a continuous treatment approach to quantify how households’ labor supply responds to transfer size. We find a shift from paid labor to own farm labor and find that the transfer size is well within a level that would have disincentive effects on time spent on own farm activities. The switch from paid to own farm labor occurs at lower levels of transfers for labor-constrained households, and at higher levels for non-labor constrained households.     

Global Climate Emergency: after COP24, climate science,urgency, and the threat to humanity

ABSTRACT

This Special Editorial on the Climate Emergency makes the case that although we are living in the time of Global Climate Emergency we are not yet acting as if we are in an imminent crisis. The authors review key aspects of the institutional response and climate science over the past several decades and the role of the economic system in perpetuating inertia on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Humanity is now the primary influence on the planet, and events in and around COP24 are the latest reminder that we live in a pathological system. A political economy has rendered the UNFCCC process as yet a successful failure. Fundamental change is urgently required. The conclusions contain recommendations and a call to action now.     

On equality of ordinary least squares estimator,best linear unbiased estimator and best linear unbiased predictor in the general linear model

The equality of ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE), best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) and best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) in the general linear model with new observations is investigated through matrix rank method, some new necessary and sufficient conditions are given.     

关于从“左联五烈士”向“龙华二十四烈士”的还原——兼谈所谓《为了忘却的记念》的“叙述矛盾”

中共党史上的"龙华二十四烈士事件",牺牲者是在反对王明而集会时被告密,从而遭国民党当局逮捕杀害,故对事件真相的揭露和对暴政的抗议长时间受到来自国共双方当权者的禁锢阻挠;而二十四烈士之中的柔石等五位是左翼作家,鲁迅和"左联"冒着生命危险悼念同志和朋友被害,揭露事实真相,使"左联五烈士事件"造成的影响远大于"龙华二十四烈士事件"。这并非鲁迅和"左联"有意掩盖"龙华二十四烈士事件"真相,而是在当时的历史条件下,向外界揭露真相的唯一途径。     

UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE AND CULTURAL TRANSMISSION: THEORY AND APPLICATION TO EUROPEAN UNEMPLOYMENT

This paper emphasizes the two‐way causality between the provision of unemployment insurance and the cultural transmission of civicness. The returns to being uncivic are increasing in the generosity of unemployment insurance; but this generosity is decreasing in the number of uncivic individuals. In this context, I determine the evolution of preferences across generations and show that cultural heterogeneity is sustained over the long‐run. The dynamics of cultural transmission can generate a long lag between the introduction of unemployment insurance and an increase in people's willingness to live off government‐provided benefits. Hence, it offers an explanation to the ‘European unemployment puzzle’ due to the coexistence of generous unemployment insurance and low unemployment in the 1950s and 1960s.     

Total factor productivity and shareholder returns in banking

This paper examines shareholder value drivers in European banking focusing on the efficiency and productivity features of individual banks. In particular, we analyse the value relevance of bank cost efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) (in all its components, including technological change, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change) to see how these influence shareholder value creation in European banking. The paper focuses on the French, German, Italian and U.K. banking systems over the period 1995–2002 and includes both listed and non-listed banks. We find that TFP changes best explain variations in shareholder value (measured by market-adjusted returns, MAR, for listed banks and by the ratio of EVA_bkg to invested capital at time t−1 for non-listed banks). In both samples, we also find that technological change seems to be the most important component of TFP influencing shareholder value creation in European banking.     

论司空图《诗品》“冲淡”境界的审美特征

司空图《二十四诗品》描述了文学创作的"冲淡美"境界,其审美特征主要表现在:创作主体具有澹泊素洁、虚静专注的精神心态;心物关系具有物我融通、心物妙契、物淡我亦淡的特征;取象造境具有幽柔、淡远、恬静的特色。     

Behavioral responses and the distributional effects of the Russian ‘flat’ tax

This paper simulates the distributional impact of the Russian personal income tax (PIT) following the flat tax reform of 2001 using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. I decompose the change in the distribution of net income into a direct (tax) effect and an indirect effect. The indirect effect is further decomposed into evasion and productivity effects using existing estimates of these respective elasticities. As expected, the direct tax effect increased net income inequality. Changes in the pre-tax distribution (indirect effect), on the other hand, had a large negative impact on inequality thus leading to an overall decline in net income inequality. I also find that the tax-induced evasion response increased reported net income inequality while reducing consumption inequality. To the extent that consumption approximates actual income, these results demonstrate that the flat tax reform had a much smaller effect on actual income inequality than on reported income inequality. More importantly, relative to non-tax factor, the reform had little overall effect on income inequality. This suggests that objection to flatter tax schedules on the grounds of income inequality is mostly misguided, especially in transitional countries with high levels of evasion.