法兰克福学派批判理论对文化产业发展的启示——以纪录片产业为例

法兰克福学派提出了“文化产业”概念,并对其进行了批判,认为文化产业是一种受到交换价值所控制的肯定性文化。阿多诺将本真艺术与文化产业商品相对立,认为两者最大的区别就是是否可交换,本真艺术具有不可交换性和否定性,是被压抑的事物的表达,反对社会的总体性和控制性。而文化产品则是以交换价值为唯一目的的。阿多诺和本雅明就机械复制艺术发生了论争,其根本分歧就在于机械复制是否会给文化艺术带来解放性力量。阿多诺的文化产业批判力量对于现代文化产业发展有着启示意义,现代文化产业发展应该强调文化的艺术性和多元性。纪录片行业的发展是文化产业发展的缩影,阿多诺的理论对纪录片行业有着重要的启示意义。     

Charles Sheeler's imprecise precisionism

Abstract

In this article I address the significance of a series of images of New York skyscrapers fundamental to the work of American modernist painter and photographer Charles Sheeler (1883–1965). The article examines three works – a photograph, a drawing and a painting – produced between 1919–23 of the same scene: the rear of the Park Row Building, Manhattan. I argue that these images introduce imprecisions that disrupt the notion of Sheeler as the pre-eminent Precisionist artist. Following aspects of Theodor Adorno's aesthetic theory, I suggest that Sheeler's works adopt the language of rationalization whilst remaining critical of it. As such, the more positive conceptions of Sheeler's skyscraper works are juxtaposed against the actuality of the imprecision in the works, a dialectical move that unveils a negative critique of the rationalized culture of American modernity.