Stigma, HIV/AIDS and prevention of mother-to-child transmission in Zambia

This report evaluates the extent of perceived and enacted HIV/AIDS-related stigma in a rural setting in Zambia. Stigmatisation is abundant, ranging from subtle actions to the most extreme degradation, rejection and abandonment. Women with HIV and pregnant women assumed to be HIV positive are repeatedly subjected to extensive forms of stigma, particularly once they become sick or if their child dies. Despite increasing access to prevention of mother to child transmission initiatives, including anti-retroviral drugs, the perceived disincentives of HIV testing, particularly for women, largely outweigh the potential gains from available treatments. HIV/AIDS related stigma drives the epidemic underground and is one of the main reasons that people do not wish to know their HIV status. Unless efforts to reduce stigma are, as one peer educator put it, “written in large letters in any HIV/AIDS campaign rather than small”, stigma will remain a major barrier to curbing the HIV/AIDS pandemic.     

The African Evaluation Guidelines: 2002. A checklist to assist in planning evaluations, negotiating clear contracts, reviewing progress and ensuring adequate completion of an evaluation

A review of the US ‘program evaluation standards’ (PES), undertaken in a series of workshops and meetings of networks of evaluators in Africa, resulted in modifications to those standards. The result was presented to a plenary session of the Inaugural Conference of the African Evaluation Association in September 1999, attended by over 300 evaluators from 35 countries. The AfrEA Conference decided that a systematic effort should be made to produce a list of African evaluation guidelines, similar to the PES, and that this checklist should be reviewed by national evaluation associations and networks in Africa and field tested in several countries. Ten national and regional networks and associations suggested modifications to the text and endorsed the final version of the guidelines.     

时装画与服装文化

时装画是为了服装的设计、制作和推介而创作的具有审美价值的绘画样式。时装画对于服装文化的发展具有推动作用 ,探讨和研究时装画产生、发展的历史和现状 ,对于发展中国的服装文化 ,具有重要的意义。     

"黔电送粤"中水电真实移民成本问题研究

现行“黔电送粤”的电价未能反映真实移民成本。理应在厘清真实移民成本主要组成部分的基础上,在谈判和核定电价时加以考虑,促使真实移民成本成为电价的构成要素,这对于解决各族移民的脱贫致富,具有重要意义。     

Backfitting Random Varying-Coefficient Models with Time-Dependent Smoothing Covariates

Abstract.  In this paper, we propose a random varying-coefficient model for longitudinal data. This model is different from the standard varying-coefficient model in the sense that the time-varying coefficients are assumed to be subject-specific, and can be considered as realizations of stochastic processes. This modelling strategy allows us to employ powerful mixed-effects modelling techniques to efficiently incorporate the within-subject and between-subject variations in the estimators of time-varying coefficients. Thus, the subject-specific feature of longitudinal data is effectively considered in the proposed model. A backfitting algorithm is proposed to estimate the coefficient functions. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimation methods are more efficient in finite-sample performance compared with the standard local least squares method. An application to an AIDS clinical study is presented to illustrate the proposed methodologies.     

试论英语教学中教师的主导作用

本文从道德教育、文化传播、知识传授和能力培养等四个方面论述了在英语教学中教师的主导作用,阐述了英语教学中教师主导作用的重要性。     

抗战时期中国工业的西迁与西部的开发

出于抗战和生存的需要 ,国民政府进行了大规模的工业内迁 ,从而对西南地区的工业化进程起到了重大的推动作用 ,成为中国近现代史上一次规模最大、内容最典型的工业化空间传动运动。这种非经济性动力引发的工业化空间传动也存在一定的弊端。     

论信息时代的数字图像传播

信息时代的数字图像带来了社会文化新的发展空间,数字图像以其逼真、形象、快速、虚拟的特点成为我们这个读图时代的宠儿。数字图像是视觉文化的一个构成元素,当然,视觉文化不只是艺术,凡是人们可以通过视知觉感受而直接获取信息与解读意义的文化样式都可以纳入视觉文化的范畴。这种新的文化形式,促进了人们思维能力的提高并对人们的生活方式产生了深刻影响。     

霍尔效应回转器

本文从理论上论证回转器是一种具有回转阻抗性能的传输元件,可用霍尔效应实现回转器。     

从“走出去”工程看同族异域跨文化传播

在全球化背景下产生的新疆电视台“走出去”工程是一次文化交流的尝试,“走出去”工程应该考虑文化认同、语码选择和编码方式等问题,重视新闻节目,讲究传播方法和效果,拓展传播途径,加强自身建设,才能更好为推动文化交流。