再谈坚持解放思想,实事求是

解放思想,实事求是是邓小平理论的精髓.坚持解放思想、实事求是,必须端正学风,必须有高度负责精神,必须坚持"三个有利于"标准,必须坚持民主法制建设,必须在求实创新上下功夫.     

太平天国对近代中国中西文化交融的影响

太平天国对近代中西文化交融的进程和模式起着直接的促进和影响作用。一方面,它促进了鸦片战争之后陷入困境的中西文化交融进程,不仅身体力行学习西方文化,且把清政府也逼上了学习西方文化的轨道;另一方面,它通过对传统文化的批判与背叛,使传统文化面临的危机凸显出来,激发了近代文化保守思潮,从而使中西文化交融在保守的文化氛围中,严守着“中体西用”的模式进行。     

Field Measurement of Dermal Soil Loading Attributable to Various Activities: Implications for Exposure Assessment

Estimates of soil adherence to skin are required for assessment of dermal exposures to contaminants in soils. Previously available estimates depend heavily on indirect measurements and/or artificial activities and reflect sampling of hands only. Results are presented here from direct measurement of soil loading on skin surfaces of volunteers before and after normal occupational and recreational activities that might reasonably be expected to lead to soil contact. Skin surfaces assayed included hands, forearms, lower legs, faces and/or feet. Observed hand loadings vary over five orders of magnitude (roughly from 10^–3 to 10² mg/cm²) and are dependent upon type of activity. Hand loadings within the current default range of 0.2 to 1.0 mg/cm² were produced by activities providing opportunity for relatively vigorous soil contact (rugby, farming). Loadings less than 0.2 mg/cm² were found on hands following activities presenting less opportunity for direct soil contact (soccer, professional grounds maintenance) and on other body parts under many conditions. The default range does not, however, represent a worst case. Children playing in mud on the shore of a lake generated geometric mean loadings well in excess of 1 mg/cm² on hands, arms, legs, and feet. Post-activity average loadings on hands were typically higher than average loadings on other body parts resulting from the same activity. Hand data from limited activities cannot, however, be used to conservatively predict loadings that might occur on other body surfaces without regard to activity since non-hand loadings attributable to higher contact activities exceeded hand loadings resulting from lower contact activities. Differences between pre- and post-activity loadings also demonstrate that dermal contact with soil is episodic. Typical background (pre-activity) geometric mean loadings appear to be on the order of 10^-2 mg/cm² or less. Because exposures are activity dependent, quantification of dermal exposure to soil will remain inadequate until data describing relevant human behavior (type of activity, frequency, duration including interval before bathing, clothing worn, etc.) are generated.     

Factors Affecting Older Women's Adherence to Medication and Treatment

Over the past 25 years, there has been a growing interest in why many patients do not take prescribed medications or fail to follow medical advice. As many as 50% of all patients fail to adhere adequately to therapeutic advice or engage in inappropriate use of prescribed medications. Additionally, there has been a struggle over how best to describe this variance between what medical practitioners recommend and what patients actually do. This article examines factors thought to affect women's adherence to medication and treatment regimens. Literature on age, comorbid conditions, socioeconomic factors, environmental factors, and perceived susceptibility for an illness is reviewed as are individual psychological idiosyncratic dynamics that may influence health care behaviors.     

Screening for recommended antenatal risk factors: How long does it take?

Background

Detection and management of antenatal risk factors is critical for quality care.

执着于一方水土的故乡守望者——石舒清论

回族作家石舒清坚持以自己的创作展现故乡西海固,反映生存于那里的回族的历史变迁、情感生活与文化要义,以对故土、母族的坚守抵达对文学纯净性的坚守。这种以“坚守”为特色的创作姿态对当下许多少数民族作家的文化取向选择与文化身份建构具有极强的代表意义。     

Enablers and barriers affecting medication-taking behaviour in aging men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract

Objectives: To identify the enablers and barriers affecting medication-taking behaviour in aging men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods: A total of 40 patients attending the urology outpatient clinic in Melbourne in 2012 were screened. Patients who successfully met the inclusion criteria were interviewed using a structured interview schedule. Information regarding the patient’s medication, demographic data and presence of co-morbidities was collected. Content analysis was compared with patient demographic and medical data, contributing to the analysis.

Results: Problems with medication-taking were reported in 58% of patients. All patients without co-morbidities reported issues regarding their medications, whereas only 27% of patients with co-morbidities reported concerns regarding their medications. Statistical analysis revealed that patients without co-morbidities were significantly more likely (p?=?0.002) to have complaints with their medications compared to those with co-morbidities. Furthermore, patients with co-morbidities who required help of caregivers to assist with their medication-taking were significantly less likely (p?=?0.05) to have complaints with their medications compared to patients who self-managed.

Conclusions: Older patients with caregivers who assisted managing their medication-taking had better adherence. Those receiving aid from their caregivers were significantly less likely to have complaints regarding their medications as opposed to those not requiring a caregiver. This highlights the importance of having support for medication-taking in patients with co-morbidities to assist with better adherence.     

回族音乐中的文化融合与本色坚持现象分析

本文旨在对回族音乐中存在的文化融合与本色坚持现象进行分析,这不仅可窥见回族音乐本身的文化形态,也为探讨宏观的回族文化内涵提供具体、有力的例证。文内对回族音乐中的文化融合与本色坚持的概念进行阐释;对回族音乐中体现出的伊斯兰教与中国传统跨文化交融的文化自觉,以及回族与他民族跨族交流的文化互动两个方面形成的文化融合进行分析;对伊斯兰教统摄下的本色坚持进行分析。由此可见,回族音乐独特的文化形态,在于文化融合与本色坚持的并存型存在方式。     

A Survey of Factors Contributing to Gay and Lesbian Domestic Violence

Gay and lesbian domestic violence is still a relatively new topic of study; work has been done in this area only since the early 1980s. Thus, little formal research has been published regarding this issue. This article presents a qualitative study of gay male and lesbian perpatrators of domestic violence. By using demographic profiles from 288 clients who had been referred for perpetrator treatment, the author sought to understand whether self-abusive behaviors, involving drugs, alcohol, food and sex are predominant among perpetrators, as well as to explore the prevalence of intergenerational abuse patterns. Analysis revealed a high incidence of personal histories of abuse experiences among gay/lesbian adult perpetrators, as well as a high incidence of secondary abusive behaviors within this sample.     

Changes in type 1 diabetes health indicators from high school to college

ABSTRACT

Objective: Evaluate trajectories of type 1 diabetes health indicators from high school through the first year of college. Participants: Seventy-four students with type 1 diabetes who maintained pediatric endocrinology care during the first year of college. Methods: Hemoglobin A_1c (HbA1c), blood glucose monitoring frequency, body mass index (BMI), and clinic attendance data were collected via retrospective medical chart review in spring 2012. Group-based trajectory models evaluated diabetes-related health indicators over time and identified distinct growth trajectory groups. Results: BMI increased and clinic attendance decreased in the first year of college. Trajectories for other health indicators were heterogeneous and stable over time; 69% of students were classified as having stable good glycemic control. Racial minority youth and youth on conventional insulin regimens were disproportionally represented in higher-risk groups. Conclusions: Diabetes health indicators are stable or decline upon college entrance. Results signal the need for targeted support for college students with type 1 diabetes.