“穷而后工”的源起

“穷而后工”是中国古代文学批评史上一个非常重要的理论命题,自欧阳修首次提出以来,已得到后世诸多文学批评家的充分关注。在总结前人观点的基础上,具体分析文本,结合时代背景和具体语境,分析“穷而后工”的源起并提出个人见解。     

Does exposure to a traumatic event make organizations resilient?

Why do some organizations bounce-back from traumatic events more quickly than others? While the research on organizations offers extensive insights on recovery from economic or technological shocks, there is limited understanding of how organizations recover from life-threatening events such as terrorist attacks. In this study, we build on the research on resilience and argue that organizational recovery from a traumatic event is informed by the perception of threat. Higher perception of threat increases inter-organizational collaboration and the care associated with the deployment of slack as well as to learning. We tested our arguments with a sample of US and non-US firms before and after the 9/11 terrorist attacks and found that, due to spatial proximity, US firms’ higher perception of threat led to a larger increase in the frequency of inter-organizational alliances than that of non-US firms. This preference was more frequently directed towards local partners and demonstrated a distinct emphasis on slack and learning. Contrary to conventional wisdom, our findings suggest that organizational resilience in the face of a traumatic event benefits not from immunity but from spatial proximity to the threat. Proximity increases the perception of threat, and with it, the impetus for adaptation.     

Workplace adversity and resilience in public relations: Accounting for the lived experiences of public relations practitioners

Public relations practitioners face workplace challenges as they cultivate public relationships, resolve conflicts, and manage crises. Odds of adversities may be high in this role, requiring practitioners to be resilient. This qualitative study explores workplace adversities in public relations from a practitioners’ perspective, and examines how they enact resilience. By asking current practitioners about their lived experiences, we found workplace adversities occurred on multiple levels and ranged from mundane to life-altering events. Patterns of resilience were, metaphorically, bouncing forward, bouncing up, bouncing back, and bouncing around. This study contributes to public relations and resilience scholarship by (1) uncovering workplace adversities and resilience enactment in public relations, therefore connecting practice with scholarship, (2) extending the “bounce back” metaphor in the resilience literature, therefore making resilience more inclusive, and (3) exploring the connections of multi-level resilience, and suggesting the complex and negotiated nature of resilience among individuals embedded in collectives.     

"穷而后工"述论

“穷而后工”述论@桂栖鹏$浙江师范大学人文学院!浙江金华321004 @张学成$临沂师范学院中文系!山东临沂276005~~     

唐代传奇《李娃传》的转用:朝鲜汉文小说《王庆龙传》

汉文写的朝鲜小说《王庆龙传》就是唐代传奇《李娃传》的翻版小说。《王庆龙传》的故事情节虽然和唐代传奇《李娃传》相似,但是女主人公妓女玉丹形象上发生了差异。朝鲜汉文小说《王庆龙传》翻版的过程中受到了明代冯梦龙《玉堂春落难逢夫》的影响。但是,与《李娃传》和《玉堂春落难逢夫》相比,更加注重了《王庆龙传》中女主人公固守贞节的烈女形象。其原因是贯通朝鲜社会的儒教意识形态,因为朝鲜社会中最理想的女性形象就是为一个男人坚守贞节的女性。除了《王庆龙传》以外,朝鲜后期的韩文小说《月下仙传》也是《李娃传》的翻版作品。这部作品中,女主人公也坚守贞节,被封为了贞烈夫人,也表现了朝鲜翻版小说的转用现象。     

Student Constructions of Resilience: Understanding the Role of Childhood Adversity

Resilience is a desirable attribute for social work and human services (SWHS) graduates. A history of childhood adversity may have led students to develop resilience, which is transferable to SWHS practice. Limited research has been conducted with students as to how resilience is formed and conceptualised. This survey of 265 SWHS students is the first Australian research to survey students about their conceptualisation of resilience and childhood adversity. Within the study, students resoundingly viewed resilience as a process that occurred often due to childhood adversity but also from the protective factors of family. Students' experience of childhood adversity allowed them to develop independence and determination, which led to the development of resilience giving them greater ability to cope with the stresses of SWHS courses. Exploration of students' conceptualisation of resilience and its formation provides an insider voice as to how we can assist emerging practitioners in their development of resilience for future practice.     

童年逆境对老年人抑郁的影响研究

文章基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)面板数据研究童年逆境对老年人抑郁的影响机理。研究发现童年时期严重的躯体或情感虐待、父母关系差、家庭社会经济地位低、经历重大创伤等四类童年逆境均会显著提高老年人抑郁的发生风险。研究显示在童年时期父母偶尔的打骂不会严重影响儿童身心发展,但经常打骂则可能会产生长期负面影响;父母关系差对儿童虽然不是实质性伤害,但也会造成长期且深远的影响,其负面影响超过了躯体或情感虐待;家庭社会经济地位低是负面影响最大的逆境事件,童年时期社会经济地位低可能通过累积劣势机制对个体整个生命历程产生影响;经历重大创伤可能提高老年抑郁风险,但其影响小于童年时期社会经济地位低、父母关系差等因素。童年逆境对老年人抑郁的影响存在显著的"剂量-反应"效应,逆境事件越多老年人受抑郁影响的风险越高。分性别来看,长期逆境状况对女性的影响大于男性,而重大创伤对男性的长期影响更大。分城乡来看,四类童年逆境事件对农村样本均有显著影响,但仅家庭社会经济地位因素对于城镇样本有影响,表明社会经济地位可能是十分重要的中间机制。     

中国传统文化中的逆境观探析

中国传统文化中的逆境观包括逆境不可避免观、成功条件观、考验或锻炼观、机会或财富观、准备观、乐观态度和积极情感观、宿命论等几个方面。这些观点形成的原因主要有中国人历史上恶劣的生存环境、长期的农业经济形态、中国文化的构成及其创建者与发展者所遭遇到的逆境等。这些观点在人的心理与行为上表现为较强的挫折承受力、不良情绪的排解能力、自我安慰、另谋出路、在哪里跌倒在哪里爬起来、控制逆境影响的水平等诸多方面。这些观点对人们积极地应对逆境,保持心理健康有积极的启示作用。     

当代青年逆商降损原因及淬砺路径探析

逆商指人们面对挫折、摆脱困境和超越困难的能力.只有具备了对逆境的承受力,才可能拥有对生活的创造力.教育引导的偏差、家庭过度呵护、社会历练缺乏是造成当代青年逆商降损的主要原因,而逆商的淬砺离不开历史惕励、人文砥砺、挫折策励、情境激励四个基本路径.     

Using Resilience to Reconceptualise Child Protection Workforce Capacity

Abstract

Current approaches to managing and supporting staff and addressing turnover in child protection predominantly rely on deficit-based models that focus on limitations, shortcomings, and psychopathology. This article explores an alternative approach, drawing on models of resilience, which is an emerging field linked to trauma and adversity. To date, the concept of resilience has seen limited application to staff and employment issues. In child protection, staff typically face a range of adverse and traumatic experiences that have flow-on implications, creating difficulties for staff recruitment and retention and reduced service quality. This article commences with discussion of the multifactorial influences of the troubled state of contemporary child protection systems on staffing problems. Links between these and difficulties with the predominant deficit models are then considered. The article concludes with a discussion of the relevance and utility of resilience models in developing alternative approaches to child protection staffing issues.