Scientific consensus,the law,and same sex parenting outcomes

While the US Supreme Court was considering two related cases involving the constitutionality of same-sex marriage, one major question informing that decision was whether scientific research had achieved consensus regarding how children of same-sex couples fare. Determining the extent of consensus has become a key aspect of how social science evidence and testimony is accepted by the courts. Here, we show how a method of analyzing temporal patterns in citation networks can be used to assess the state of social scientific literature as a means to inform just such a question. Patterns of clustering within these citation networks reveal whether and when consensus arises within a scientific field. We find that the literature on outcomes for children of same-sex parents is marked by scientific consensus that they experience “no differences” compared to children from other parental configurations.     

How do countries choose their monetary policy frameworks?

This paper investigates the determinants of countries’ choices of monetary policy framework. A brief narrative focused on groupings of countries motivates an econometric analysis which draws on previous work on the determinants of exchange rate regimes, bringing in standard factors as well as the trade networks of potential anchor currency blocs and the financial market depth that are emphasised in the narrative. The model turns out to be able to predict three quarters of countries’ choices, and there is no obvious systematic pattern in the errors. The results have important implications for how countries should choose their monetary policy frameworks.     

Security Investment in Contagious Networks

Security of the systems is normally interdependent in such a way that security risks of one part affect other parts and threats spread through the vulnerable links in the network. So, the risks of the systems can be mitigated through investments in the security of interconnecting links. This article takes an innovative look at the problem of security investment of nodes on their vulnerable links in a given contagious network as a game‐theoretic model that can be applied to a variety of applications including information systems. In the proposed game model, each node computes its corresponding risk based on the value of its assets, vulnerabilities, and threats to determine the optimum level of security investments on its external links respecting its limited budget. Furthermore, direct and indirect nonlinear influences of a node's security investment on the risks of other nodes are considered. The existence and uniqueness of the game's Nash equilibrium in the proposed game are also proved. Further analysis of the model in a practical case revealed that taking advantage of the investment effects of other players, perfectly rational players (i.e., those who use the utility function of the proposed game model) make more cost‐effective decisions than selfish nonrational or semirational players.     

保障奥运食品安全 完善食品安全可追溯管理

近年来，食品安全成为全球热点问题之一，为解决食品安全问题，食品可追溯技术应运而生，只要一个条形码，就可追溯到食品的出产地、生长地甚至基因情况，食品有了自己的“身份证”。为保障奥运期间的食品安全，北京应加强食品安全管理，供应奥运食品将全部实行可追溯制度，用科技手段来为奥运会护航。     

城域网MAC层协议的优先级结构及性能

主要研究城域网MAC层标准“IEEE 802.6 DQDB”协议的优先故排队性能;提出了一种DQDB协议的优先级实现方案—β分级结构。通过本文给出的文件传输性能分析以及计算机模拟证明,这种新的优先级结构可取得比DQDB现有结构更好的性能,而且易于实现。     

随机型细胞神经网络的稳定性

借助于李雅谱洛夫理论、矩阵分析方法和It?公式,结合不等式分析技巧,研究了随机细胞神经网络系统的均方指数稳定性,给出了系统的解的二阶矩Liapunov指数估计式和均方指数稳定的充分条件。     

基于定位辅助按需拓扑维护的超宽带自组网路由算法

提出了一种基于定位辅助按需拓扑维护的超宽带自组网路由算法,该算法利用超宽带技术精确定位信息所获得的网络拓扑信息和路由信息进行分组转发,路由维护阶段在定位信息辅助下采用按需方式进行断链路由的修复和拓扑维护,通过基于位置信息的按需路由发现和限制路由查找范围,以及定位信息和网络拓扑信息的及时更新,在降低协议开销的同时保证了算法的有效性。仿真表明,该算法在分组丢失率、平均端到端时延和路由附加开销等方面具有良好性能,其优良的分布式控制特征能适应超宽带自组网的动态环境。     

哈尔滨市发展绿色食品产业集群的基本条件与优势

产业集群对集群内企业在竞争力提升上有重要作用。哈尔滨市发展绿色食品产业集群,具有得天独厚的地理环境和资源优势,具有大企业集团集中、高校和科研院所较多的优势,及在国内外市场上的品牌和信誉优势。通过绿色食品产业集群的发展壮大,必将提高产品与企业的市场竞争力,推动绿色食品产业的持续发展。     

基于贝叶斯神经网络的非参数回归

提高神经网络模型推广能力的关键是控制模型的复杂度。该文探索了贝叶斯神经网络的非参数回归的建模方法,通过融入模型参数的先验知识,在给定数据样本及模型假设下进行后验概率的贝叶斯推理,使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗算法来优化模型控制参数,实现了对神经网络模型中不同部分复杂度的控制,获得了模型参数的后验分布及预测分布。在5个含噪二维函数回归问题上的应用显示了模型的复杂度能根据数据的复杂度而自适应调整,并给出了较好的预测结果。