环境规制工具选择及政策启示

在比较分析市场交易型环境工具和命令控制型环境工具不同政策效应的基础上,运用污染产品和劳动力要素的竞争性均衡模型,阐述了环境税的“双重红利”及其对环境工具选择的启示,最后结合国外环境税的实践经验,提出了在我国环境保护中实施绿色环境规制,开征独立环境税,坚持环境税收中性和组合运用多种规制手段等政策建议。     

Evaluation of the Children’s Advocacy Center Model: Efficiency,Legal and Revictimization Outcomes

This study compares the Children’s Advocacy Center (CAC) model with more traditional child protection services on several important outcomes such as substantiation of abuse, arrest and prosecution of the perpetrator, the efficiency of the multidisciplinary process and child revictimization rates. One hundred and eighty-four child abuse and neglect cases from a large metropolitan area in Florida comprised the sample. Cases were selected over a five year-period from three different modes of child protection services including a CAC. Similar outcomes were found between the CAC model and the Child Protection Team (CPT), a multidisciplinary model, which was first developed in Florida in 1978. In comparison with traditional child protective investigation, these models were associated with improved substantiation rates and investigation efficiency. Results are discussed in terms of the utility of CACs above and beyond the aspect of multidisciplinary coordination and whether the goals of the CAC model need to be redefined. Recommendations for further research in the areas of multidisciplinary team decision–making, the long-term impact of the CACs and the role of supportive professionals on the multidisciplinary team were made.     

物理量定量分析中的计算机辅助运算初探

运用C语言较强的运算功能和图形功能，分析求解用解析方法难以解决的物理问题，从而使物理量获得一个精度较高的值．     

Methodology for stochastic volatility process calibration application to the CAC 40 index

In considering volatility as a stochastic, the aim of this paper is to estimate the four parameters related to a particular stochastic process named P1 and based on a Wiener–Levy process. We present the methodology to estimate its four parameters. We calibrate this theoretical model P1 to the CAC 40 index real data. In the same time, we test the normality of the random variables related to the two Wiener–Levy processes. The calibration is performed using the implemented aforesaid algorithm. We compare the stochastic process P1 with another process named P2 and to the Heston [Closed form solution for options with stochastic volatility with application to bonds and currency options, Rev. Financ. Stud. 6(2) (1993), pp. 327–343] process named H0 and to two other improved Heston processes named H1 and H2. For the empirical study, the same algorithm is used to calibrate the five processes. The calibration is based on a database including the CAC 40 index daily ‘closing fixing’ values for the time period from 3rd January 2005 to 22nd January 2007. The data are divided into 18 classes relative to 18 different contracts of European calls on the CAC 40 index. As a result, we find that, the normality test of the CAC 40 index is rejected which is in accordance with the previous original works dealing with this problem. For the five volatility processes, the normality test is verified almost for the same contracts. We also find that according to the used data, the process P1 and its equivalent H1 are the best for calibration.     

论CAC及其法典编纂对完善我国食品安全标准体系的借鉴

国际食品法典委员会(CAC)是制定国际食品法典最重要的国际组织,中国自从1986年参与CAC的工作以来,在食品安全标准的完善及与国际接轨方面取得了很大成就。在《食品安全法》颁行过程中,应从食品安全标准体系和框架、标准的范围和具体内容以及标准的制修订机关和程序等方面,借鉴CAC的经验。同时,在完善食品安全标准体系时要把握几个核心原则,即以我为主、为我所用的原则,科学性、民主性和现实性相结合原则以及实现食品安全法律、法规和标准相协调原则。     

WTO框架下CAC标准的适用析论

随着食品贸易纠纷的增加,在WTO框架下,援引食品法典委员会制定的相关标准的情况频繁出现。该类标准法律性质上属于软法,原本不具有强制执行的法律效力,但在WTO下被重新定位,呈现出软法硬化的现象。文章就WTO框架下该类标准适用中涉及到的法律地位、合法性审查、冲突协调、国内法适用等主要问题展开了讨论。