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This article identifies the most cohesive multi‐polar regions of the network of world cities, which differ from the unipolar centre–periphery model largely created by the high weight of central city connections. We use a community detection algorithm that outlines the high densities of city networks (in relative weights). Various patterns of industries and services, which are divided into two skill levels, are identified. We use a global database of the network of 1.2 million direct and indirect ownership links between the 800,000 subsidiaries of the top 3000 multinational groups in 2013, allowing us to build four comparable networks of 503 metropolitan areas. Comparing the obtained partitions with continental, regional and economic benchmarks, classes of cities partially correspond to free trade zones (FTZs) but exhibit interesting cross‐continental patterns. A few cities, changing their classes according to the activities, are discussed in the light of the multinational firms' strategies. 相似文献
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N. H. Anderson & D. M. Titterington 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2000,160(1):87-105
The paper considers the problem of identifying spatial clustering, for instance of one group of individuals in relation to the spatial distribution of another. First, some of the literature is reviewed, some operational problems of practical investigations are discussed and a data set is introduced that involves a group of laryngeal cancer patients and a group of lung cancer patients in south Lancashire. Two techniques, an integrated squared difference statistic and a two-dimensional version of the scan statistic, are then outlined, some of their properties are discussed and they are applied to the data set. The final section takes stock of the data analysis and the characteristics of the techniques. 相似文献
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