Victim's Response Cycle: A Model for Understanding the Incestuous Victim-Offender Relationship

ABSTRACT

The victim-response cycle is a theoretical and clinical model that can be utilized to assist victims in their healing from the trauma of sexual abuse. This model focuses on the specific aspects of the relationship that victims have with their offenders, particularly in incest cases, which contribute to the degree of trauma that victims experience. This relationship can also become the model for other relationships as the victim matures, and the victim-response cycle can be used to assist these adult survivors in understanding their difficulties with adult intimate relationships. This model addresses aspects of attachment and learned coping responses to assist clinicians in treating symptomatic behavior. While severe trauma is rarely treatable with a short-term approach, this model can assist in providing clients and clinicians with tools for symptomatic relief, which may be achievable in a short-term setting. This model has not been examined empirically, but it has been utilized in several outpatient practices in the Midwest with positive clinical results. A case example demonstrating the use of this model is also presented.     

川西林盘CSA社区发展探索

川西林盘作为川西平原特有的复合型农村聚落形态,在城市化和农业产业化快速发展的背景下正逐步走向衰落,本文引入CSA模式,带动林盘本土经济发展,促进三效的统一发展,探求林盘保护和可持续发展自我繁衍的道路,为成都周边川西林盘的保护和发展提供借鉴思路。     

Medical examinations for child sexual abuse in Scotland: good enough practice?

This questionnaire survey of a representative sample of practitioners in Scotland sought to establish speci?cally how widely guidance on child protection issued by the Scottish Executive Health Department was being followed by practitioners, NHS Trusts and health boards. It aimed to identify the medical practitioners involved and the range of current practice in child sexual abuse examinations throughout Scotland. The results suggest that the medical assessment of children who disclose sexual abuse is a low‐volume, highly specialized activity, practised by about one in ?ve paediatricians and forensic medical examiners in Scotland. Most (79%) are aged between 41 and 60 years; 59.8% have less than 10 years' experience in the ?eld; and the majority (86.3%) perform fewer than two examinations per week. Available guidance is comprehensive and uniform, highlighting the importance of joint specialist working, use of the colposcope for photodocumentation, training and continuing professional development in this specialized area of work. Despite this, the results of our survey of practitioners show that throughout Scotland, the care offered to children and the service provided to the courts are suboptimal. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polarized public opinion responding to corporate social advocacy: Social network analysis of boycotters and advocators

Despite growing attention to corporate social-political advocacy, little is known about how publics mobilize and establish relationships in social media when firms are involved in hot-button issues. Using the social network approach, this study examines a network structure which emerged around boycotting and advocating for Starbucks and Budweiser when these two brands responded to President Donald Trump’s immigration ban executive order in 2017. The study identified three unique characteristics in the boycotters’ networks. The boycotters appeared not only in the aggregated brand boycotting networks, but also in the advocators’ networks. In addition, boycotters in Budweiser and Starbucks networks were engaged in boycotting other brands or organizations which were opposed to Republicans or President Trump’s policy. Finally, the network of boycotters was very dense and highly connected among subgroups while that of advocators was sparse. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Irish child sexual abuse victims attending a specialist centre

We profiled a cohort of CSA cases referred for assessment to a specialist child sexual abuse (CSA) centre in a national paediatric hospital in Ireland. Historical and clinical data were drawn from records of 171 cases. The majority of cases were referred by social workers following purposeful disclosure of CSA. Three quarters of the cases were female with a mean age of 9 years. They were from a wide spectrum of socioeconomic groups and many had suffered a range of family adversities. In most cases, the abuse involved masturbation of the child by the abuser. Almost all of the perpetrators were male with a mean age of 28 years and in 60% of cases extrafamilial abuse had occurred. In 23% of cases, the perpetrator had a history of previous sexual offending. Anxiety was the most common emotional problem before disclosure and after disclosure the most common emotional problem was guilt. Before disclosure school refusal was the most common behavioural problem and after disclosure fighting was the most prevalent behavioural difficulty. The most common factors supporting the credibility of CSA allegations were labile mood, the child's ability to differentiate fact from fantasy and a detailed disclosure of contextual details. More adolescents showed deterioration in schoolwork after disclosure and for more pre school children clinginess following disclosure was a significant emotional problem. More primary school aged children were abused by perpetrators who had abused a number of children. For children abused by such perpetrators, vaginal intercourse was less common. Vaginal intercourse was more common in 6–11‐year‐old victims and those who were abused on a daily basis. The threat that disclosure posed to the integrity of the family structure was more often a factor hindering disclosure in victims abused by father figures and abused very frequently. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“Are they allowed to do that?” Content and typology of corporate socio-political positioning on TWITTER. A study of DAX-30 companies in Germany

In the USA, corporate attitude communication has been identified as an irreversible trend. Outside the USA, it is a comparatively new phenomenon. We have conducted a content-analytical study on the publicly communicated socio-political positioning of DAX-30 corporations and their CEOs in Germany. Based on the Corporate Social Advocacy (CSA) approach, our results reveal a typology of different strategies. It shows that the companies under investigation differ significantly in terms of the degree of controversy and positioning frequency. The study provides evidence that corporate characteristics (e.g. size), timing and thematic factors, as well as the communicative behavior of other companies/organizations determine positioning strategies. We identified two different strategic motives for socio-political positioning: The aim to (1) further improving trust, image, and reputation while avoiding risk as far as possible or (2) to secure room for maneuver within the framework of specific, very concrete (socio-political) challenges and in doing so accepting certain risks in the process.     

Proposing a Model of Service Delivery for Victims/Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) from Ethnic Minority Communities in Australia

A systematic literature review on child sexual abuse (CSA) and ethnic minority communities was conducted to help address the current gap in knowledge in the area. This article reports on one explored theme – aspects of service delivery models identified as effective, as the basis for developing a model for Australia. The findings indicate two key aspects of effective service delivery: (i) models should be ecologically grounded to the specific cultural context, and (ii) individuals should be placed at the center of intervention so their needs and experiences are not ‘boxed in’ by their ethnicity. The model proposed for the Australian context is guided by these two key principles. Service delivery models are important because they help guide practice and standardize treatment and support in the field. However, the model proposed here also values flexibility, cultural competency, a strengths-based approach, an empowerment-based approach, intersectionality, and a feminist framework. These model elements are particularly relevant in relation to the family cohesion and support that collectivist cultures offer; whether, to what extent, and how they act as a risk or protective factor, or even both, is best determined by the victim/survivor. The utility of the model for practitioners and clients requires rigorous evaluation.     

消费者对 CSA 的感知价值和行为意向关系研究

随着对食品安全的关注,一种新型的农业模式———社区支持农业(Community Supported Agricul-ture,简称 CSA)应运而生。我国 CSA 起步较晚,但发展很快。在 CSA 农场快速增长的同时,由于经营管理不善,消费者流失率急剧上升。消费者价值被视为导致消费者满意与忠诚的驱动力。以消费者感知价值作为前因,探究 CSA 农场消费者感知价值维度对消费者满意度和行为意向的关系,可为 CSA 农场实施基于消费者价值创造的营销计划指明努力的方向。     

生态农耕：生产方式、市场结构与人际关系的再构

基于自然与农耕生产和谐共生关系的生态农耕是生态文明建设在＂三农＂领域的突出表现,重视生态友好的生产方式、注重城市消费者与农耕者沟通的市场结构、强调社区合作的人际关系在生态农耕中逐渐呈现。农业—村社关系共同体价值回归的过程同时是劳动者的主体性与自信力重建的过程,劳动者精神则是对劳动过程价值的重新构建。生态农耕市场的形成是一个消费者教育与培养的过程,消费者参与生态农耕认证是对市场本身进行再构的过程。对于＂三农＂问题的解决,生态农耕兼具农户增收效应、社区生态效应、健康效应,促进了社区基于规模化生态农业的合作化过程,突现了其社区重建功能。政府部门应加大对利于生态修复和环境安全的、兼业化的、体现立体循环经济的生态农业的财政补贴力度,尤其应该加强对于以小农户生态农耕模式为基础的、市民参与式的、有生态文明教育体验作用的多功能生态农业的政策扶持。借助生态农业对社区文化、社区环境及社区合作因素的促进作用,加强社会管理创新。以生态农业为起点,探讨新时期解决包括食物质量在内的农业安全问题的途径。更新政策认识体系,发挥政策多维想象力与差异适切性。