冷战后的中美政治安全关系

冷战结束十年以来 ,美国的对华政策依然摇摆不定。之所以如此 ,是因为十年来美国视中国为敌还是为友 ,或者非敌非友 ,至今还未定性。而美国难于在其国际政治安全战略中给中国定性的原因 ,则与以下的三个层次密切相关 ,即美国的国内政治层次、中美关系的发展层次和全球层次。     

Cognitive and interpersonal abilities related to the primary activities of R&D managers

This study attempted to identify the primary activities performed by R&D managers at different supervisory levels, and the cognitive and interpersonal ability requirements that underlie these activities. A task inventory containing 244 managerial tasks was completed by 117 R&D managers in nine organizations. The 48 tasks which managers rated as having spent the most time were factor analyzed, resulting in the identification of three primary activities: project management, personnel supervision, and strategic planning. Furthermore, these activities varied with supervisory level, with R&D managers performing a wider range of these activities with the progression from first-line to upper-level management.Thirty R&D managers later rated the degree to which 19 cognitive and interpersonal abilities were required for performing these primary activities. Strategic planning was rated as requiring significantly higher levels of oral expression, logical reasoning, originality, fluency of ideas, oral defense, and resistance to premature judgement than was required for the other two primary activities. Personnel supervision required a higher level of social sensitivity than was required for the other two activities. Project management required high levels of information ordering, oral fact- finding ability, problem sensitivity, and oral and written comprehension. Implications of the findings for understanding R&D managerial performance and personnel staffing functions are discussed.     

The social responsibility of organizations: Perceptions of organizational morality as a key mechanism explaining the relation between CSR activities and stakeholder support

Prior research on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has documented how specific CSR activities relate to responses of relevant stakeholders, mainly examining employees. However, it is as yet unclear whether these findings generalize to other types of CSR activities or to responses of other stakeholder groups. In fact, results from studies to date also show inconsistent effects in need of further explanation.In this contribution we offer a new perspective on this literature. We extend current insights on organizational CSR activities and stakeholder support, by elaborating on the psychological mechanisms that can explain these relations. We draw together recent developments on organizational anthropomorphism with insights on organizational identification, to argue that the impact of CSR activities on a broad range of stakeholder responses depends on perceptions of organizational morality. We connect prior work on organizational ethics, CSR, and stakeholder support, to social psychological theory and research on impression formation, impression management, and impression updating. This new perspective allows us to broaden the current debate on CSR and stakeholder support.Building on this analysis, we propose a new model that offers a roadmap for future research. We explain the impact of organizational CSR on stakeholder responses, by highlighting perceived organizational morality as a key mediating variable. We then proceed to consider likely moderators of this relation distinguishing between (a) characteristics of the organization, (b) characteristics of (communications about) CSR activities, and (c) characteristics of the perceivers. On the basis of this extended model we develop specific predictions, and review initial evidence supporting these prediction.     

媒体关注下的CSR信息披露与企业财务绩效关系研究及启示——基于我国A股上市公司CSR报告的实证研究

企业社会责任(CSR)及信息披露已成为当前社会各界共同关注的热点问题。本文利用独立机构发布的我国A股上市公司CSR报告的评级数据,验证了当前时代背景下我国企业社会责任信息披露与企业财务绩效的关系,以及作为信息传递媒介和"公众日程设置者"的媒体的关注对于二者关系的影响作用。研究发现,高水平披露社会责任信息的企业的绩效明显高于低水平企业,但是这种作用关系是在媒体关注度这一变量的完全中介作用之下实现的。这一新发现不仅丰富和拓展了企业社会责任及信息披露的理论研究框架,对于基于战略性CSR思维制定相关战略的企业管理者也深具启发意义。     

The quest for legitimacy and the communication of strategic cross-sectoral partnership on Facebook: A big data study

Nowadays, many wicked problems such as environmental issues require organizations from multiple sectors to form cross-sectoral alliances. Cross-sectoral alliance networks can transfer resources and signal affiliations and value alignment between strategic partners. The communication of cross-sectoral alliances is a form of CSR communication that serves organizations’ strategic goals and objectives. Drawing on the literature on digital CSR communication and legitimacy theory, this article examines which legitimacy needs shape the formation of cross-sectoral ties on Facebook in addressing environmental and sustainable development issues in the United States. Combining data-mining, text-mining, social network analysis, and exponential graph modeling, this research investigates the structure of a network among 3071 organizations across multiple sectors. Findings show that organizations’ cross-sectoral tie formation is mainly driven by social legitimacy and alliance legitimacy needs.     

基于社会创新视角的企业参与扶贫攻坚可持续模式

企业社会创新已被视为可能解决金融危机、气候变化、生态过冲、人口爆炸和贫富差距等世界性难题的方法之一。在我国,参与扶贫攻坚是企业社会创新的重要途径之一,有利于实现社会责任与经营业绩的双赢。对中国优秀企业参与扶贫情况进行深入分析,结果表明企业参与扶贫取得了卓越成就,但参与路径仍显单一,尚未把社会问题或公众期望纳入自身发展的战略框架,未能将参与扶贫作为企业可持续发展的转型路径。据此提出鼓励企业参与扶贫实践的可持续模式,包括包容性的商业模式、可持续性的投入产出规模、公平互利的供应链管理以及与核心利益方建立战略伙伴关系等创新性解决方案,以期在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接之时,助力企业在社会治理挑战中寻找商业机遇,以开发性战略布局应对后扶贫时代。     

商业企业社会责任现状分析

本文在界定商业企业社会责任的基础上,着重探讨了商业企业的责任管理体系建设、产品质量安全管理、消费者权益保护、提升消费者社会责任意识、责任采购、员工权益保护六个方面的社会责任议题。在此基础上,又通过社会责任发展指数定量研究中国商业企业社会责任发展水平。由此得出,中国商业企业应树立社会责任意识、加强社会责任管理、提高社会责任信息披露水平、主动披露负面社会责任信息。     

企业社会责任的价值相关性研究述评

以往企业社会责任的价值相关性研究的结果显示,两者间的关系是模拟两可的、矛盾的和不确定的。本文在归纳和分析国内外相关研究的多样化结果及其产生原因的基础上,从引入中介变量、考虑时间跨度和解构社会责任三个角度梳理该领域研究的新发展,并提出目前研究中急需进一步解决的问题,为未来研究提供方向性的指引。     

CSR领域对顾客购买意愿影响的实证研究

企业社会责任(CSR)涵盖了不同领域,消费者对企业社会责任不同领域的关注重点各有差异。因此,探索企业社会责任不同领域对消费者购买意愿的影响无疑是一个很好的切入点,也是有利于企业获得竞争力的一种新来源。构建一个包含企业社会责任不同维度、感知质量、企业形象以及消费者购买意愿的概念模型,探索不同领域企业社会责任对消费者购买意愿的影响,以及感知质量和企业形象作为中介变量的合理性。运用SPSS 20.0和AMOS 21.0进行检验,结果显示不同领域企业社会责任对消费者购买意愿具有显著性影响,感知质量和企业形象在不同领域企业社会责任对消费者购买意愿的影响中起到了部分中介效用。     

The role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and internal CSR communication in predicting employee engagement: Perspectives from the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

This study examined relationships among employees’ perception of CSR, three models of internal CSR communication and employee engagement. The findings, based on 516 valid survey responses from employees across different sectors in the United Arab Emirates, revealed that internal communication of CSR, both one-way and two-way symmetrical, predicted employee perceptions of CSR, with two-way asymmetrical communication being a negative predictor; perceptions of CSR predicted employee engagement; social and sustainable dimensions of CSR most strongly predicted social and affective dimensions of employee engagement; and both two-way symmetrical communication of CSR and employee perceptions of CSR strongly predicted employee engagement. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.