Attitudes of Heterosexual Men and Women Toward HIV Negative and Positive Gay Men

Attitudes of Italian heterosexual men and women toward gay men, both HIV positive and negative, are poorly investigated. Italian culture is still extremely conservative and provides limited support to the gay community (e.g., lack of same-sex marriage recognition). Consequently, gay men experience social exclusion and disparities. The present study explores the association between homophobia and closeness with sexual orientation and HIV status. 261 heterosexual Italian men and women were assessed for feelings of closeness and homophobia after reading a vignette where the character was C1: heterosexual and HIV negative; C2: gay and HIV negative; or C3: gay and HIV positive. Experiences of homophobia and closeness varied depending on gender of participant and condition assigned, and higher levels of homophobia were correlated with lower levels of closeness regardless of HIV status. Implications and future directions are discussed.     

Pmc-optimal nonparametric quantile estimator

According to Pitman's Measure of Closeness, if T₁and T₂are two estimators of a real parameter $[d], then T₁is better than T₂if Po[d]{\T₁-o[d] < \T₂-0[d]\} > 1/2 for all 0[d]. It may however happen that while T₁is better than T₂and T₂is better than T₃, T₃is better than T₁. Given q ? (0,1) and a sample X₁, X₂, ..., X_nfrom an unknown F ? F, an estimator T* = T*(X₁,X₂...X_n)of the q-th quantile of the distribution F is constructed such that P_F{\F(T*)-q\ <[d] \F(T)-q\} >[d] 1/2 for all F?F and for all T€T, where F is a nonparametric family of distributions and T is a class of estimators. It is shown that T* =X_j:n'for a suitably chosen jth order statistic.     

Closeness centrality via the Condorcet principle

We provide a characterization of closeness centrality in the class of distance-based centralities. To this end, we introduce a natural property, called majority comparison, that states that out of two adjacent nodes the one closer to more nodes is more central. We prove that any distance-based centrality that satisfies this property gives the same ranking in every graph as closeness centrality. The axiom is inspired by the interpretation of the graph as an election in which nodes are both voters and candidates and their preferences are determined by the distances to the other nodes.     

新闻传播绩效评估研究

本文在对新闻传播绩效评估的现有方式进行总结、归纳、评析的基础上,借鉴公共管理中的绩效评估理论,在新闻工作"三贴近"的总体目标下,构筑了新闻传播新的绩效评估体系.     

“信达切”三原则在文学翻译中的适用性——以李文俊译《喧哗与骚动》为例

＂信达切＂三原则由已故翻译家、翻译理论家刘重德先生在对严复的信达雅标准扬长避短的基础上提出并经过三次逐渐完善的阐释,在文学翻译理论研究界引起强烈反响。该原则的适用性可在李文俊对《喧哗与骚动》的汉译中找到明证：在内容上,译者字斟句酌加上必要的注释,毫无偏差地忠实于原文,完全地实践了＂信＂的标准;在表达上,归化和异化,简短地道的口语与庄重冗长的书面语完美融合;在再创原文风格上,紧切原文人物的个性化语言,最佳地切合了原文独特的风格。因此,＂信达切＂三原则适用于文学翻译。     

Induced, endogenous and exogenous centrality

Centrality measures are based upon the structural position an actor has within the network. Induced centrality, sometimes called vitality measures, take graph invariants as an overall measure and derive vertex level measures by deleting individual nodes or edges and examining the overall change. By taking the sum of standard centrality measures as the graph invariant we can obtain measures which examine how much centrality an individual node contributes to the centrality of the other nodes in the network, we call this exogenous centrality. We look at exogenous measures of degree, closeness and betweenness.     

Making connections: Severe mental illness and closeness with other people

Much has been written about social lives of people with severe mental illness (SMI). Before social lives can flourish, however, people with SMI must first get close to other people. We studied this closeness by holding three hour-long focus groups at Fountain House, a community mental health agency in New York City. We found that closeness between two people with SMI is challenging because someone with depression, for example, may have trouble understanding someone with a different disorder (e.g., schizophrenia). Romantically, closeness is also challenging—SMI is hard to explain to partners. In the workplace, closeness is difficult because SMI can alienate co-workers. It could push them away. In mental health programs, we found that closeness has more of a chance to develop (1) during evening and weekend activities; (2) when activities are planned often enough to prevent isolation; and (3) when staff reach out to people before extended absence causes distance.     

Resistance distance,closeness, and betweenness

In a seminal paper Stephenson and Zelen (1989) rethought centrality in networks proposing an information-theoretic distance measure among nodes in a network. The suggested information distance diverges from the classical geodesic metric since it is sensible to all paths (not just to the shortest ones) and it diminishes as soon as there are more routes between a pair of nodes. Interestingly, information distance has a clear interpretation in electrical network theory that was missed by the proposing authors. When a fixed resistor is imagined on each edge of the graph, information distance, known as resistance distance in this context, corresponds to the effective resistance between two nodes when a battery is connected across them. Here, we review resistance distance, showing once again, with a simple proof, that it matches information distance. Hence, we interpret both current-flow closeness and current-flow betweenness centrality in terms of resistance distance. We show that this interpretation has semantic, theoretical, and computational benefits.     

乡村领袖与湫神娘娘的亲密关系 ———关于地方信仰对联村组织建构作用的研究

一个颇具创意的民间仪式使乡土领袖与湫神娘娘保持着一种眷属般的亲密关系,但污染禁忌和洁净仪式又使这种关系处于亲密与敬畏之间,两者的平衡既提升了女神的权威又强化了乡土领袖的社会地位。在祭献女神仪式中,两位联村领袖代表他们的村落联合体交换羊头、相互叩拜之举,实际上完成了从信仰一体化到组织一体化的过程。研究表明地方信仰仪式是传统乡土组织的孵化器。     

A Summary of Some Research on PC and Bayesian PC Criterion in China

In the past two decades, Pitman closeness (PC) criterion has been studied intensively in China. But many of research works were written in Chinese, which cannot be accessed by researchers from other countries. In this paper, we briefly summarize part of main results on the PC criterion in linear model in China. First, we present the basic model and some definitions. Then, we introduce the PC superiority for covariance adjustment estimate, and a class of biased estimates such as a kind of linear estimate, James–Stein estimate and the principal components estimate. Third, we introduce Bayesian PC superiorities for several different linear models such as ordinary univariate regression model, multivariate linear model and analysis of variance model. Finally, some results of robustness under Bayesian PC criterion are shown.