论桑德尔对罗尔斯的批评

桑德尔从义务论、自我优先于目的、权利优先于善等方面对罗尔斯进行了批判。桑德尔抓住了自由主义的个人主义通病，但桑德尔的共同体主义理论自身也存在问题。     

论福利经济学的伦理学基础

本文探讨了三个问题:第一,为了克服实证经济学的理论局限,福利经济学引入了功利主义作为自己的伦理学基础,实现了实证经济学到规范经济学的转变;第二,仅仅以功利主义作为自己的伦理学基础,福利经济学(通过帕累托准则)无法实现社会福利最大化,因此应该改弦更张,进一步将道义主义作为自己的伦理学基础;第三,同时以功利主义和道义主义作为自己的伦理学基础,福利经济学必须引入伦理妥协的方法,以解决可能遇到的理论不一致问题。     

Pragmatism-Beyond Epistemology: An Ethical Approach to Systems Decision Process

In 1965 Sir Geoffrey Vickers issued a challenge to the community interested in the exploration of human systems. That challenge was one of embracing the moral importance of responsibility; more to the point, the urgent need to develop an ethic of Systems Thought. Since that time Systems Thought has cautiously engaged the ethical question. It has done so through questioning the methodological purity of any particular inquiry; it has done so through critically engaging the boundary of any particular system and it has done so in the epistemological sense. That being said it has not confronted in a heroic sense the fundamental ground of the ethical question: ‘what is to be done’.

This paper demonstrates that Neo-pragmatism is the most appropriate approach to a decision making process within the context of Systems Thinking expressly because both Systems Thinking and Neo-pragmatism recognize the contingent nature of the phenomenal world and the modeling nature of both Systems Thought and Neo-pragmatism. Finally the implications of social transformation of Neo-pragmatism as the appropriate decision making process for Systems Thinking is discussed.     

When culture and ethics meet: Understanding the dynamics between cultural dimensions,moral orientations,moral inequity,and commitment in the context of corporate misconduct allegations

This study explored the associations between individuals' cultural orientations, moral orientations, perceived moral inequity, and commitment to an organization accused of misconduct. An online survey was conducted among Singapore citizens (N = 477), exposing the participants to a fictitious vignette that included allegations of child labor abuse practices by their preferred company to understand their reactions to these allegations. Data analyses that individuals who report power distance also believe in consequentialism. There was a negative association between power distance and deontological thinking about how businesses should behave. People with high level of collectivism showed both consequentialist and deontological orientation. Whereas deontologists perceived the alleged misconduct as unethical, individuals with consequentialism did not. Consequentialists were willing to commit to their relationship with the organization despite the allegation. Finally, perceived moral inequity was negatively associated with commitment and fully mediated the relationship between deontology and commitment. Theoretical and empirical implications are discussed (150 words).     

休谟道德哲学的道义论倾向

休谟道德理论包含多种理论倾向以致显得较为庞杂,其中最为明显的是情感主义和功利主义倾向,同时暗含道义论倾向。借助孔孟儒家的道义论理论,有助于澄清休谟道义论的特征和地位。儒家伦理在本质上属于情感道义论,它与休谟的道义论旨趣颇为接近。从二者对道德根源和仁爱动机的论述展开比较,看出二者的理论交点和分歧点,从而能够加深对二者理论体系的理解和认识,并澄清休谟道德理论中各种倾向之间的关系。