Heteroscedastic Global Tests that the Regression Parameters for Two or More Independent Groups are Identical

Simulation results are reported on methods that allow both within group and between group heteroscedasticity when testing the hypothesis that independent groups have identical regression parameters. The methods are based on a combination of extant techniques, but their finite-sample properties have not been studied. Included are results on the impact of removing all leverage points or just bad leverage points. The method used to identify leverage points can be important and can improve control over the Type I error probability. Results are illustrated using data from the Well Elderly II study.     

Assessment of Task-Centered Interventions with Families in Israel

The study describes and evaluates the effectiveness of task-centered interventions performed with families in two new neighborhoods in Jerusalem, Israel. Thirty-five low-income nondelinquent families experiencing financial, personal and family problems were treated by 11 social work trainees. Each worker performed a single-case time-series design to evaluate 2 to 4 families, using the Clinical Rating Scale and a Goal Attainment Scale. The families were interviewed at termination of treatment. Both practitioners' and families' assessments indicated improvements in the majority of clients. Improvements were associated with young age of spouses and with the application of the techniques of task assignment, focusing and guidance. The validity, generalizability, and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

A Comparison of Spanish and American Housing Policy Frameworks Addressing Housing for the Elderly

Abstract

Housing policies in Spain and die United States have important similarities and dissimilarities mat affect housing for the elderly. Spain, even more so than me United States, promotes homeownership. Bom countries face significant challenges in addressing the housing needs of the elderly, particularly those challenges associated wim aging in place. The paper reviews me broader housing policy frameworks in bom countries in order to understand me context for elderly housing policy. The paper identifies lessons from the American experience mat can expand housing policies in Spain.     

福利多元主义视角下城市“老漂族”精神赡养问题研究——以广州市三个典型社区为例

本研究聚焦渐趋普遍的“老漂族”群体异地养老现象,关注其精神健康。以福利多元和精神赡养理论为分析框架,对广州市三个老年流动人口较集中地区的“老漂族”进行问卷调查及访谈,通过多元线性回归分析政府、家庭、社区、市场等主体的服务供给对“老漂族”异地养老精神需求产生的影响,剖析“老漂族”异地精神赡养的需求和供给现状。本文的主要结论是,目前的养老福利托底政策和市场补充供给的不足给“老漂族”带来异地养老尤其是精神赡养上一定的困难,建议更多地发挥家庭、社区和社会组织的作用,提倡养老资源供给模式应将物质服务和精神扶助结合起来,实现养老渠道多样化、社会福利供给主体多元化,形成多元供给主体之间的协调与互补,共同支撑起能够惠及“老漂族”异地精神赡养的养老服务体系。     

中国老龄人口死亡公平性分析

目的：本研究旨在分析中国2000年和2005年不同社会经济状况的地区间老龄人口死亡的公平性,并对其可能的社会决定因素进行讨论。方法：应用标准化集中曲线和集中指数对中国老龄人口在地区水平的死亡不平等进行测量。资料主要来源于中国2000年人口普查数据和2005年全国1％人口抽样调查数据。结果：2000年和2005年。中国老龄人口总的死亡集中指数分别为-0．028和-0．022。按性别计算的老龄人口死亡集中指数2000年为-0．032（女性）和-0．020（男性）,2005年为-0．022（女性）和-0．020（男性）。结论：在中国,尽管老龄人口死亡略微向低社会经济状况的地区集中,但其集中程度并不强。提示中国老龄人口死亡在地区水平上具有较好的公平性。而且,老龄人口死亡微弱的集中有消弱的趋势．这主要归功于老龄女性死亡不平等的减少。     

性别视角下的农村丧偶独居老人生存状态研究——以吉林省东丰县某村为例

通过对吉林省东丰县横道村99例老人的问卷调查以及7例丧偶独居老人的个案访谈,从性别角度对农村丧偶独居老人的生存状态进行了分析,研究发现：老年女性的贫困化程度较男性高、生活适应性更差,老年男性的心理适应性较差。据此提出了应从政策、社团组织等四个方面改善农村独居老人生存状态的建议。     

3167名离退休老年人健康体检患病情况分析

目的了解老年人身体健康状况,探讨影响老年人健康的主要疾病及预防策略,有针对性的进行健康教育指导。方法针对老年人常见病进行健康体检,收集体检资料,采用顺位及构成比法进行统计分析。结果老年人所患疾病处于前几位的分别是脑动脉硬化、白内障、高血压、高脂血症、高血糖、冠心病、脂肪肝、前列腺增生。其中脑动脉硬化、前列腺增生、白内障随年龄增加而增加,各年龄组问差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。各种疾病除高血压病检出率男性高于女性有统计学意义外（P〈0．05）,其它疾病不存在性别差异。结论高血压、脑动脉硬化、高脂血症、高血糖、前列腺增生是老年入主要所患疾病,需要加强相关疾病保健知识的宣教和预防干预。     

农村留守老人困境的社会工作干预实验——基于安徽省X县G乡S自然村的实证研究

利用社会工作中的小组工作和地区发展模式,对X县G乡S自然村留守老人的困境进行干预,实验证明,干预工作提升了留守老人解决问题和应对压力的能力;构建和完善了帮助留守老人解决问题和应对压力的社会支持系统。实验结果还证明,社会工作干预方法费时短、成本低、效益高,对解决农村留守老人问题有较强可行性。     

人口老龄化的经济社会后果——基于多层面与多维度视角的分析

人口老龄化的加剧对中国社会形成了巨大冲击。文章利用宏微观数据,系统梳理了人口老龄化对中国经济社会与文化、社区治理和家庭福祉的影响。研究发现:随着持续近40年的人口红利逐渐消失,中国宏观经济增长、社会保障体系、文化形态和公共政策都发生了诸多改变;社区服务供给和社区治理的复杂性也日渐提高;家庭养老资源日益萎缩,护理员面临总量短缺和结构失衡,照护活动给照料者的身心健康带来负向溢出效应。尽管人口老龄化给社会带来了诸多改变,但应乐观、科学辨证地审视这一现象。积极应对人口老龄化,应从推动产业转型升级、完善为老服务体制机制、提升养老服务质量等方面入手,真正让老年人共享社会经济发展的成果。     

Household structure and consumption insurance of the elderly

This paper examines the role of household formation in providing consumption insurance to the elderly. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys, raw tabulations of per adult equivalent consumption indicate that the elderly who live alone have higher levels of well-being relative to those who live with others. This is misleading, however, because the decision to live alone is clearly endogenous. The empirical estimation accounts for this endogeneity using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results provide evidence that household formation plays a significant role in maintaining consumption levels. Without the opportunity to live with others, the welfare gap measured by the difference between per adult equivalent consumption levels of dependent and independent livers would be even larger. These findings suggest that co-residing with others effectively supplements social security, pensions, and private savings and helps the elderly to smooth consumption in old age.