论古代希腊人的鄙视手工技艺不足为论证城邦社会农业特征之依据

在学术界 ,古希腊人的鄙视手工技艺 ,经常被作为论证城邦社会农业特征的依据。其实古希腊人的鄙视手工技艺有两种情况 ,一种是基于经济角度的产业排斥 ,这种情况既是城邦社会农业特征的产物 ,也反映了城邦社会的农业特征。但在古希腊 ,这种情况很少见 ,就现有资料看 ,仅表现在斯巴达一个国家。另一种情况是基于道德角度的职业歧视。这种情况比较普遍 ,通常人们所说的古希腊人的鄙视手工技艺就是指此。但这种情况与农业特征没有必然的联系 ,因此 ,我们不能把它作为论证城邦社会农业特征的依据     

Downloading New Identities: Ethnicity,Technology, and Media in the Global Greek Village

This article addresses the ways in which new media and technology contest how Greek ethnic communities in Canada are organized and structured. New technologies allow Greeks to go beyond their physical community and interface, via computer, television, or periodicals with Greeks on a global scale. I argue that current uses in media and technology signal the creation of new dimensions to Greek diasporic identity and imply stronger ties with the homeland and other diasporic communities, thus contesting traditional assimilation paradigms indicating that European ethnic groups are in the twilight of their existence. These findings suggest an increase in the application of new technologies among the first and second generations with interesting implications for our understanding of ethnic identity. I propose that the advent of high-tech forms of media in the last fifteen years has created new outlets for expressing ethnicity among those who already have some Greek ethnic consciousness. The means of acquiring social and cultural capital within diasporic communities is expanded to include these new forms of media, with implications for habitus and daily practices.     

关于古希腊人轻商问题的考察——兼论轻商思想不足为城邦社会农业特征之依据

古希腊人的轻商问题与东西方社会发展道路问题有密切联系。迄今为止,学术界尚未对此进行认真研究。农业特征论者也仅仅是依据古希腊个别思想家轻商的几句老话,来论证希腊城邦社会的农业特征。实际上古希腊人的轻商思想并非根源于农业特征,而是根源于商业自身的特点和商业二重性中的消极方面及阶级社会中的劳动分工和等级歧视。在古希腊,它是少数人的思想,不具有普遍性,不是居支配地位的商业思想,居支配地位的商业思想是重商思想和商业光荣思想。古希腊人的轻商思想实质上是基于道德角度的职业歧视,而非基于经济角度的产业排斥。因此,同农业特征没有必然的联系,不足为论证希腊城邦社会农业特征之依据。