Race,Class, and the Packaging of Harlem

In the 1970s and early 1980s, patterns of divestment dotted Harlem's landscape with abandoned buildings and the urban blight this engenders. With government subsidies, many of these properties have been refurbished and are now occupied by African American professional homeowners. Overall, capital investment in housing property is up and businesses are taking an interest in a community that was previously avoided. This article looks at the impact of gentrification in Central and West Harlem, New York. It identifies key actors and institutions involved in facilitating this transformation, examines social relations among black professional residents, and considers how these may be informed by class and race inequalities. This article is also critical of theoretical and ethnographic approaches to African American life that mythologize the middle class, erase the working class, and fail to acknowledge fragmentation in both groupings. It concludes with a brief discussion of some of the responses to this research that were shared by project participants and other anthropologists.     

论哈莱姆文艺复兴时期黑人女诗人的创作

从黑人文化研究和妇女研究的角度切入 ,分析美国哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的黑人女诗人的作品的主题、风格、隐喻和意象 ,从而揭示其反种族压迫和性别歧视的战斗性 ,并据此阐明它们在本质上与休斯等男诗人创作的“新黑人诗歌”是毫无二致的 ,理应正名并恢复其历史地位     

On the Transgressiveness of Ambiguity: Richard Bruce Nugent and the Flow of Sexuality and Race

The study focuses on the slender corpus of literary work by Harlem Renaissance poet, author and visual artist Richard Bruce Nugent (1906–1987), arguably America’s foremost Black aesthete. As an individualist in the footsteps of post-Hegelian and pre-Nietzschean philosopher Max Stirner (1806–1856), Nugent sought to re-think sexuality and race beyond fixed schemes of categorial distribution. To this end, Nugent deployed a strategy of sexual and racial ambiguity that aimed at situating the uniquely sexed and raced individual within the continuities of ever-diversifying Nature. Nugent’s deconstructive approach of sexuality and race proves to be convergent with (but not genealogically dependent on) the universalization of sexual intermediariness and racial miscegenation postulated by German-Jewish sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld during the first third of the twentieth century. Nugent’s non-identitarian conception of sex acts anticipated by more than a decade comparable insights propounded by Alfred Kinsey.     

哈莱姆文艺复兴的文学特色及对美国黑人文学的贡献

哈莱姆文艺复兴是20世纪初美国新兴黑人知识分子发起的一场思想文化运动,是新兴黑人知识分子从文艺方面对黑人解放道路进行的一次积极探索,对美国黑人文学和文化产生了重大影响。哈莱姆文艺复兴的文学具有鲜明的艺术特色,作品从主题、背景到价值观都有了很大发展,冲破了题材禁区和人物模式,开始了民族的自我剖析和批判,开创了美国黑人文学的新局面,为黑人文学的进一步发展打下了坚实的基础,为后来黑人文学的繁荣做出了奠基性的贡献。     

A ‘Lost Crowd’: Reconfiguring the Harlem Renaissance as a Post-War ‘Lost Generation’

Abstract

Traditionally for black Americans, World War I did not signify the traumatic removal of traditional Victorian ideals, the end of any romantic notions of battle, or, as it would for white American literature, the disillusionment and alienation of a literary ‘Lost Generation’. Although experiencing continued racism upon their return, the recognition that black Americans had received in wartime France came to characterize a budding enthusiasm for the social prospects of the post-war era. Yet many novels of the Harlem Renaissance certainly resonate with the disillusionment of the Lost Generation and similarly grapple with notions of war trauma and traumatic post-war (re)integration into a chaotic American society. This article considers the endeavour to reconcile feelings of post-war national unity with the African-American struggle for racial equality in the early twentieth century. By evaluating the analogous themes of alienation, masculinity, and place represented by both the Lost Generation and Harlem Renaissance, this article seeks to highlight traumatic parallels between post-war literatures of two divergent ‘lost’ generations.     

纽约哈莱姆区的绅士化及其影响

美国的许多大城市在经过了二战以来长期的衰落以后,于20世纪60年代出现了复兴的趋势,其表现之一就是绅士化运动。自20世纪80年代以来,纽约衰败的黑人居民区哈莱姆区也出现了绅士化现象,并且具有一定的典型性。优越的地理位置、政府政策的推动、旅游业的发展、克林顿办公室的设立等,都推动了哈莱姆绅士化运动的出现与发展。哈莱姆的绅士化产生了一系列积极影响,比如增加了该区居民的生活便利,创造了大量的就业机会,减少了犯罪,推动了经济的发展等。但哈莱姆的绅士化也导致了一些消极影响,比如贫困居民的被迫迁居、小商业的破产等。     

兰斯顿·休斯--黑人诗人的俊杰

兰斯顿·休斯是杰出的美国黑人诗人,“哈莱姆文艺复兴”的重要人物。他以诗歌为武器,抨击白人统治者的种族歧视政策,并通过自己的诗作,讴歌丰富的黑人文化,启蒙黑人的觉悟和民族自豪感。他的作品对美国黑人争取自由平等的“民权运动”产生了很大的影响。     

Increasing Opportunities for Inner-City Youth: The Feasibility of an Economic Empowerment Model in East Harlem and the South Bronx, New York

Youth of color are disproportionately likely to grow-up in poor, disadvantaged neighborhoods characterized by high levels of psychosocial stressors and inadequate supportive resources. Poverty and racial minority status correlate with an increased risk of high-school dropout, teen pregnancy, substance abuse, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Given these trends, child welfare researchers are developing various interventions to increase the protective resources and social opportunities available to youth of color. This article reports results of a preliminary, qualitative study that investigated the feasibility and acceptability of an economic empowerment intervention in the South Bronx and East Harlem, New York. Using focus groups and brief questionnaires with youth and their parents/guardians (N = 24 dyads), we explored attitudes toward youth educational savings accounts, financial planning classes, and mentorship for inner-city youth. Findings indicate a strong interest in an economic empowerment intervention among adolescents and their caregivers in these communities. These findings have implications for the design of larger-scale research programs that aim to improve inner-city youth's socio-economic wellbeing using economic empowerment models.     

佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿被遗忘的背后——兼谈赫斯顿的创作观

20世纪 2 0年代哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的美国黑人女作家佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿 ,在历史上几乎被彻底遗忘 ,但在今天的美国社会又获得了“再生”与推崇。她的被遗忘与再生 ,同样具有深刻的文化思想和艺术审美根源。在今天 ,探究赫斯顿被遗忘的原因 ,可以更好地为了解赫斯顿本人和她的作品提供一个新的视角     

从黑色的诗行中解读美丽的心灵

历史上黑人长期受到种族虐待和歧视的积淀,使偏见始终存在于许多白人作家的各类文本中。本文通过对“哈莱姆文艺复兴”中代表诗人的创作主题和主要作品的归纳浅析,解读他们充满了理性、尊严、宽容和追求理想的心灵,旨在呈现美国黑人民族真实的思想和完整的形象,并强调要重视其对美国社会和文化所作出的不容忽视的贡献。