论列斐伏尔日常生活批判理论的"后马克思哲学"转向

列斐伏尔既是西方马克思主义的创始人,也是20世纪70年代以来所谓“后马克思哲学思潮”的不自觉推动者:他首先赋予马克思哲学一种“诗性实践的本体论”视域,从而架空了物质生产实践概念;其次,他试图瓦解马克思“物质生产第一性”的基本叙事逻辑,提出“消费引导型科层制社会”的现代性批判理论概念;在其晚年,他把社会历史辩证法改造成所谓“空间化本体论”,这实际上是把历史辩证法“空间化”的“后现代转向”。但他直到生命的最后一刻,还坚守着马克思的政治信仰与哲学理论基本底线。     

列斐伏尔“空间生产”的批判维度

列斐伏尔社会空间生产批判理论彰显在日常生活批判、政治批判、生态批判三大维度。在日常生活批判上,包括对日常生活空间异化的批判和对自由、多元、开放的日常生活空间的向往,从而呼吁人们进行日常生活的艺术革命。在政治批判上,“空间生产”不仅考察了空间生产与城市化、全球化的紧密关系,而且阐述了空间生产的政治意识形态色彩,从而内蕴着空间正义的追求。在生态批判上,“空间生产”不仅阐述了空间生产的生态意蕴,而且批判了空间生产导致的非生态化现象,从而内蕴着空间生态伦理的追求。列斐伏尔空间生产批判中彰显的理论焦虑和现实关切,可以说,也是对发达工业社会城市空间生产无节制扩张的生态伦理反思。     

列斐伏尔《辩证唯物主义》的隐性逻辑——兼论日常生活批判理论的出场

列斐伏尔在《辩证唯物主义》一书中以异化为显性逻辑,展开对马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的解读。在这一显性逻辑的背后存在着一条隐性逻辑,即日常生活批判理论的出场。在该书中列氏对人类产生过程的理解具有明显的抽象性,并把这一抽象作为异化的根源,进而在日常生活中将之泛化,最后用“总体人”的假设完成了日常生活批评的出场。     

池田大作与法国文学

池田大作从雨果那里感受到了“民众的真正力量”和对人性与灵魂的追求;在柏格森那里主要吸取了两个重要的元素：一个是世界的存在本质是“生命冲动”,一个是生命的冲动是一种创造性的能量;在大仲马那里池田大作感受到的是“故事的力量”。     

多重空间的构建——论空间视域下《地下铁道》的叙事艺术

《地下铁道》讲述了一位女性黑奴追寻自由的曲折历程。它根植于美国当时的历史现实,揭示了奴隶制的黑暗和残暴,再现了美国黑人奴隶在肉体和精神上的遭遇以及他们对自由的追求与向往。小说结构严谨,语言简洁考究,行文俭省朴素,但它的成功也绝对离不开作者对空间独具匠心的设置。作者巧妙地利用物理空间、社会空间与空间形式构建了一个多重叙事空间,由此揭示《地下铁道》中被边缘化的物理空间及其背后的社会意义,呈现矛盾社会空间下的压迫与反抗以及特定历史条件下的异化空间,创建独有的空间形式。     

Everyday utopianism: Lefebvre and his critics

The strategy of sociocultural critique through the ‘problematization’ or ‘defamiliarization’ of the habitualized character of everyday life is one that is well-established in the literature, especially for adherents of various neo-Marxisms. However, in recent years, several prominent critics have taken issue with the concept of defamiliarization, arguing that the habit-bound, ‘distracted’ and routinized character of the everyday cannot be easily contrasted with, or superceded by, the exceptional or the extraordinary. Such a position, it is suggested, both denigrates the integrity of daily life and promotes a kind of incipient transcendentalism. The work of Henri Lefebvre is often taken to be representative in this regard, and various phenomenologies or pragmatisms are promoted in his stead. In this article, I take issue with such critics, by analyzing Lefebvre’s writings on such key points as his treatment of routine in everyday life, as well as his concepts of totality, dialectics and critique. I end up asserting that, contrary to what is often said, Lefebvre does not promote a dualistic transcendentalism in which daily life is denigrated, but rather an ‘everyday utopianism’ in which routine and creativity, the trivial and the extraordinary, are viewed as productively intertwined rather than opposed. As such, I seek to defend the notion of ‘critique’ vis-à-vis the everyday, and to demonstrate the on-going relevance of Lefebvre’s work, as well as that of the ‘counter-tradition’ that is loosely associated with his name.     

Passing through difference: C.L.R. James and Henry Lefebvre

ABSTRACT

This essay offers a comparative analysis of the work of Henri Lefebvre and C.L.R. James, both key contributors to the emergence of a humanist form of Marxism in the twentieth century. Independently of each other, both writers, I show, developed a mode of critique which emphasised capitalism’s dehumanizing social effects, and which rejected a merely instrumental or utilitarian political response. Consequently, both writers placed critical emphasis on those longings and demands made evident in the insurgent politics of everyday life and popular culture; in what both conceptualised as a search for ‘happiness‘. But at the same time, the comparison is important because it makes evident the extent of the divisive intellectual legacies of empire within European Marxism. Lefebvre’s work bears in itself the marks of a racialised understanding of human relations; the ’human’ of which he speaks is limited in ways that James challenged consistently.     

列斐伏尔的社会空间理论及其启示

亨利·列斐伏尔作为新城市社会学的奠基人，率先把空间作为研究的实体性概念，论证空间的社会性，提出“空间生产”理论，开启了城市社会学空间研究的新视角和新范式。他的社会空间理论对中国城市化研究和实践有着极强的启发和借鉴意义。     

圣西门论法国革命

圣西门的法国革命论认为,法国革命是人类历史长期发展和演变的结果,尤其是欧洲自中世纪以来实业力量的成长与封建神学体系矛盾发展的结果,因而是合乎历史规律的、必然的。但是,由于作为"中间阶级"的法学家和形而上学家操纵和指挥革命,这场革命成了"资产阶级"的而非"实业家"的革命。从而背离了法国革命的宗旨,使革命逸出了常轨,因而法国革命的实际成果非常有限。尽管如此,法国革命开创了一个普遍革命的新时代,从而为实业社会开辟了道路。近代社会是实业社会,实业家应该不失时机地占领政治舞台,通过与王权的结盟和平地进行社会改造,以建立实业社会,这既是法国革命合乎逻辑的解决,也是它的归宿。     

如何正确看待现代管理中的"古典热"现象

依据泰罗、法约尔和韦伯管理理论的基本内容 ,总结出各自管理理论的精神实质。根据现代管理环境对管理的要求 ,分析评价了这些精神实质对现代管理的重要作用及意义。指出“回到泰罗去”,“重新认识法约尔”,“韦伯热”等“古典热”现象的本质是将泰罗、法约尔和韦伯管理理论的精神实质扬弃地应用于现代管理中