0-3岁婴幼儿亲子阅读中亲子互动策略优化的行动研究

基于 0-3 岁婴幼儿亲子阅读互动现状调查发现的家长互动经验缺乏、形式单一等问题,开展“计划—行动—观察—反思—再计划”三轮亲子阅读互动循环提升的行动研究。实践表明,创设情境多元互动、拓展经验促成互动、审美体验美化互动是提升阅读互动质量的有效策略;家长对婴幼儿身心发展特点和教育规律的认知、对美的鉴赏与表达能力是影响互动策略实施的重要因素;专家的精心指导和及时评价、家庭间的作品展示和体会交流是营造阅读互动氛围提升互动效果的良好举措。建议家长自主学习、积极实践、主动交流来推进有效互动策略的实施。     

Risk factors and services for child maltreatment among infants and young children

Objectives

Child maltreatment (CM) causes injury in large numbers of U.S. children. This study uses a large, multi-state dataset of child protective services reports for infants and young children under five years of age to examine risk factors and the effects of services in confirmed maltreatment investigations and recurrence over five years.

Methods

The Child Files of the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS) for 2003-2007 were used to study confirmed CM reports to child protective services (CPS) using regression models and survival analysis among a cohort of children first reported during 2003.

Results

There were 1.2 million confirmed maltreatment reports to state child protective services agencies in 22 states during 2003-2007 in NCANDS, including 177,568 infants and young children under five years. 19.3% had a second confirmed CM report within 5 years. White race, inadequate housing and receiving public assistance were associated with significantly increased risk of CM recurrence. Infants and young children received more services and had less recurrence than did older children.

Conclusions

Infants and young children have different risk factors and receive different services than do older children in the CPS system. We need additional research to further assess and better target services for the special needs of infants, young children and their families if we are to protect them and reduce future child maltreatment.     

Laugh and the World Laughs with You: An Attachment Perspective on the Meaning of Laughter in Psychotherapy

From infancy laughter is a right-brain-to-right-brain attachment behavior mutually aroused and regulated within the caregiver–infant partnership. Laughter continues to be attachment behavior throughout life with potential for enhancing attachment bonds or for defending against them. Laughter in psychotherapy has primarily been viewed as a discharge phenomena with typical interpretations focused on the humor that elicits the laughter rather than the meaning of the behavior itself. Viewing laughter as attachment behavior in psychotherapy provides the clinician with valuable insight about its meaning and management within the therapeutic relationship.

“五月生子不举”习俗考释

《史记》中有＂五月生子不举＂的记载,古今注者往往困惑于此,或者避而不谈。经过广泛调查和仔细分析,我们发现＂五月生子不举＂的习俗的产生有其复杂的原因,不但有现实的环境的原因,比如气候暑热、虫疫流行等,也有民间积累下来的观念因素,比如认为五月子命硬、不祥和忤逆等。     

Considering the best interests of infants in foster care placed separately from their siblings

This article offers a perspective on the child welfare practice of placing infants and their siblings in foster care using the theoretical frameworks of attachment and infant mental health. The authors highlight issues for child welfare workers to consider when determining if moving an infant or young child from one home to another for the purpose of placing him with his siblings would cause trauma or disruption; and also issues to consider when determining the infant or young child's best interest when separated from siblings. First, the authors summarize the literature regarding attachment relationships and attachment disruptions. Then, they review outcome studies of children residing in foster care who are placed with their siblings and of those who are placed separately. Finally, the authors conclude with specific recommendations for child welfare workers to aid in making such difficult decisions about placing infants in foster care.     

3岁以下随迁子女照料对流动女性就业参与的影响研究

本文把3岁以下随迁子女照料分为家庭照料和社会化托育服务,利用2016年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,综合运用Probit模型、工具变量法以及交互效应检验,考察3岁以下随迁子女照料对流动女性就业参与的影响。研究结果表明,在纠正内生性偏误后,与母亲作为主要照料人相比,其他家庭照料主体参与照料对流动女性就业参与具有显著的正向作用。其中,父亲参与的照料能够使流动女性的就业概率提升约30%,而祖辈照料则使流动女性就业概率提升约58%。另外,选择社会化托育服务对流动女性就业参与也具有显著的正向作用。进一步的交互检验表明,母亲照料1-2岁和2-3岁随迁子女会使得其就业概率更低,分别是照料0-1岁随迁子女的9.4%和7.7%。     

Children adopted from China: Attachment security two years later

Background

This study continues the examination of the process of attachment formation of mothers and their adopted Chinese daughters two years postadoption.

Method

30 children adopted from China (mean age = 13.6 months at adoption) were assessed and followed two years following adoption. They were compared to 31 nonadopted Canadian girls of similar age and family background. In earlier reported longitudinal studies of the adopted children, maternal reports of attachment security were employed. In the current study the Strange Situation Procedure was used.

Results

Adopted children show signs of having a secure attachment with their mothers two years following adoption. There was some evidence that disorganized attachment characterized these children more so than for children in the comparison group.

Conclusions

The moderate degree of emotional deprivation experienced by Chinese adoptees does not hinder their ability to form a new attachment with adoptive mothers. Attachment appears open to change, even after a time when children should have already formed an attachment relationship and the change is maintained.     

关于儿童的蛙泳健体教学研究

对68名6～12岁的儿童进行为期10天共30学时的蛙泳与健康教育融为一体的教学，取得64人较规范地掌握蛙泳技术，并能游完50m以上距离的成绩，通过教学和蛙泳比赛，结果表明：蛙泳技能与健康教育融为一体的教学，不但能使儿童在较短时间内掌握蛙泳技能，且又能有效地发展儿童的身心素质，促进健康，     

审视农村留守幼儿社会化面临的环境问题与修复措施——生态系统发展观视角

从生态系统发展观视角审视,农村留守幼儿社会化面临的环境系统不完备,其中家庭微系统缺损,由此导致与其相互作用的中系统、外系统和宏系统都不同程度地受到损害。要使农村留守幼儿社会化顺利进行,就必须对其所处的已缺损的环境系统进行修复,据此提出相应的措施。