Quand la formation ne suffit pas : la préparation des étudiants à l’emploi en Angleterre,en France et en Suède

The proliferation of internships and the rise of professionalisation in higher education are, in France, frequently condemned as evidence of a quest for greater employability, driven by a skills-based approach. A comparative analysis of the methods used to prepare students for employment shows the degree to which the social mechanisms are homogeneous in England (employability) and in Sweden (bildning). In France, the transition from higher education to employment entails a process of pre-professionalisation. This is characterised by the dominant role of professional skills and their incorporation into the structure of initial education itself. Rather than the outcome of a process of commodification, this mechanism of pre-professionalisation is explained by the persistence of an idealized conception of “matching” that still profoundly marks the relations between education and employment in France.     

乡镇企业集群的交易治理结构分析--以王庆坨自行车企业集群为例

企业集群是产业和地方经济发展的一种重要形式.王庆坨自行车企业集群的快速发展表明,集群内部交易活动和缔约的制度基础是关系型契约.这种关系型契约能够有效地降低企业集群内部的交易成本,从而改善了企业集群的交易治理结构.同时,乡镇企业集群早期的快速发展还依赖于经济交换域对社会交换域的嵌入.但传统的乡村规范仍然存在着前市场经济的局限性,只有通过引入第三方中介对交易制度进行补充,乡镇企业集群才可能持续快速地发展.     

Lot scheduling problems of multiple items in the shop with both receiving and delivery just in time

Abstract. This paper deals with lot scheduling problems of multiple items processed in the shop with either a single machine or heterogeneous machines, under the condition that parts to be processed must arrive at the production line at the right times in the right quantities, and that completed parts must be delivered at their due date. Each of the problems is divided into subproblems of lot sizing and scheduling the resulting lots. Solution procedures solving the subproblems are separately optimal. However, since one of the subproblems is not independent of the other, the proposed algorithms adopting these procedures are to be considered heuristic. An iterative procedure is provided to improve solutions. The performance measure used is that of minimizing the total actual flow time considering both receiving just in time and delivery just in time. Numerical examples are presented to show the implementation of the algorithms.     

Le travail vu par les assistés : éléments pour une sociologie des politiques d’insertion

The relations between “assistance” and “work” are seen from the viewpoint of the beneficiaries of welfare services for integrating them in the world of work. Material was collected during 70 semi-directive interviews with recipients of the minimal welfare payment program (RMI) who had valid “contracts of integration” in three local authorities in the Île-de-France region between 2005 and 2007. The relations of these persons to work differ as a function of their attachment to the norm of autonomy, their resistance to stigmatization and their guilt feelings. They very much depend on beneficiaries’ sociodemographic characteristics and quite diverse backgrounds and itineraries. Three types of relations to the world of work have been detected that enable us to empirically verify the postulate that the most disadvantaged categories have difficulty appropriating the currently widespread norm of individual autonomy.