Separating psychological momentum from strategic momentum: Evidence from men’s professional tennis

In dynamic contests, strategic momentum and psychological momentum potentially coexist, which makes it difficult to distinguish between the two. We employ the setting of professional tennis, which allows us to separate psychological from strategic momentum. In tennis, converting a break point potentially triggers both strategic momentum—due to a change in the relative position of the players—and psychological momentum—due to a change in the perception of the players. To distinguish between these two momentum types, we employ exogenously given interruptions. Interruptions are predicted to affect psychological momentum negatively, while leaving strategic momentum unaffected. Using 4930 game-by-game observations from 141 Grand Slam men’s single matches, we show that the breaking players’ probability of winning a game increases after converting a break point, which provides evidence for momentum. Moreover, we show that this momentum effect is negatively affected by an interruption. Thus, psychological momentum seems to be the main trigger leading to a performance increase after a converted break point.     

刑法典第89条第2款“又犯罪”之检讨与修改

我国刑法典第89条第2款将追诉时效中断的事由规定为“又犯罪”,对于此项立法模式,理论界有不同的认识但关注较少,虽提出了不同的建议,但并未触及问题的根本。通过“又犯罪”这一时效中断事由的剖析和检讨发现,“又犯罪”作为追诉时效中断事由,折射出理论上的误区和立法中的悖论,不可避免地遭遇实践困窘。将“又犯罪”修改为“又犯同种罪”,方为解决问题的根本出路所在。     

Attaining Status at the Expense of Likeability: Pilfering Power Through Conversational Interruption

Do status expectations affect how we interpret interruption in conversation? Two experiments examined how interrupters and their targets are perceived in same- and mixed-gender dyads. In Experiment 1, participants listened to a brief audiotaped conversation in which one person interrupted the other five times. In Experiment 2, four confederates (two men and two women) systematically interrupted naïve participants while discussing an article. In general, interrupters gained in status and targets of interruption lost status. In addition, participants who were interrupted rated themselves as less influential than those who were not interrupted. As expected, interrupters, especially female interrupters, were liked less than those who did not interrupt. Theoretical implications are discussed.     

一种有效的插补速度控制方法

介绍一种MCS-51单片双微机车床数控系统的插补速度控制方法。该方法具有插补速度可编程序控制,使插补速度均匀并连续可调,从而提高了车床的加工能力和一致性。本方法也可供其他速度控制系统参考。     

Buffer stock under the effect of fluctuating demand

This paper deals with an inventory situation where the rate of demand for units stocked is known, but fluctuating over time. The focus of attention is on reserve stock. In an ideal world, where demand is known well in advance and where suppliers maintain scheduled shipping dates, there would be little need to hold any form of inventory other than a limited in-process stock. In practice however, supply interruptions are likely to occur. In this case an inventory acts as buffer to withstand variations between supply and demand. A mathematical model to determine the optimum reserve stock needed to minimize the expected total inventory cost of carrying the reserve inventory and cost of stockouts is developed.     

对我国《侵权责任法》第十一条的立法检讨及完善建议

对于足以造成同一损害后果的无意思联络数人侵权,我国《侵权责任法》第十一条规定应承担连带责任。“足以造成同一损害后果”的认定应采客观标准。不同的案情对应的因果关系可能是累积因果关系。可能是因果关系中断或多重的因果关系。不同的因果关系决定侵权责任的形态不同,《侵权责任法》第十一条不应均规定为连带责任。在因果关系中断的情形下,如果初始行为人主观不是故意,应确定由介入行为人承担最终的侵权责任,初始行为人不再对最后损害结果承担责任。