FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE: AUSTRO-MARXISM AND CULTURAL STUDIES

The political theory and practice of Austro-Marxism provided an understanding of culture as an area of political conflict and as a class-based way of life. As a cultural and educational movement, Austro-Marxism defined the framework for transdisciplinary extramural cultural studies. An Austro-Marxist cluster defined by a number of scholars associated by political orientation and an alternative form of academic institutionalization emerged in interwar Vienna. This cluster disagreed with the paternalistic claim of leading representatives of the SDAP. Nevertheless, the SDAP defined the pluralistic framework for the formation of Austrian cultural studies. Socialist-oriented scholars such as Otto Neurath, Edgar Zilsel, Paul Lazarsfeld and Marie Jahoda developed a materialistic idea of culture focused on the social conditions of cultural practices. Furthermore, they provided a profound understanding of mass culture and popular culture.     

试论美元霸权与金融阻击策略

美元作为世界货币已经超越美国经济而拥有美元霸权。美国经济很难支撑美元霸权,美元出现明显的危机。金融阻击成为维护美元霸权的重要手段。维护美元地位,推动金融创新和控制核心产业成为金融阻击的基本策略。     

Distance education and international social work education

As a result of the development of new communication technology, distance education has become a rapidly growing area over the last few decades. Market and commercial pressures are major factors in its developing impact. Distance education has also been applied to social work education. Because it is a small field it may be both positively and negatively affected. Social work education requires face-to-face communication training. Educators need to respond to the limitations of distance education technologies and processes to provide for cultural and linguistic diversity, through openness to joint work across different cultures, anti-standardisation and -discrimination, reflexivity, user control and resources, and cultural and language translation.     

SPECULATORS AND TRAVELLERS THE POLITICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE TOURIST IN THE KÁDÁR REGIME

This paper analyses the political construction of different types of tourists present in Hungary during the period of state socialism. After the 1956 revolution was crushed, Communist leadership sought to find new ways of legitimizing its power. One of the major legitimizing factors was raising standards of living. Another was the opening of the borders that is, allowing Hungarian citizens limited possibilities for travelling abroad. This concession was rather unique within the Communist Bloc, and it was not without its own dangers from the power holders' point of view. Citizens had to be guarded, controlled and supervized, not only to come back to Hungary,but also to think and feel properly in foreign countries. This paper demonstrates the efforts of the Communist Press, to bring into being construction of the ideal enlightened Tourist who is interested in art, museums and ‘social human values’. This ideal Tourist is set against with the Speculators, whose only concern is goods, especially Western goods, and have only ‘dirty’ material interest in travelling. This construction was doomed to fail due to a basic paradox: whereas the Kádár regime - quite successfully - stimulated consumer values in Hungary,one could hardly hope that these consumerist desires would be left behind during there vacation spent abroad.     

美国霸权:衰落还是延续

自20世纪50年代以来,历史上共出现了大约五次美国霸权衰落论。几乎每次衰落论都遭到霸权延续论的反击。"9.11"事件、"他者的崛起"、金融危机引发了新一轮的美国霸权衰落论与延续论之间的争论。然而,美国霸权的真实现状是美国的硬实力依然坚挺,遭受重创的只是美国的软实力。凭借美元霸权的融资能力、国民的忧患意识和政策的改弦易辙,美国照样能够渡过难关,并在相当长时期内延续其霸权。     

Recidivism and Resilience in Juvenile Sexual Offenders: An Analysis of the Literature

SUMMARY

The majority of research that exists studying juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) is dominated by the predilection that identifying risk factors associated with recidivism will benefit both the JSOs and treatment providers. Further, the majority of existing treatments are guided by research that has identified what makes JSOs more likely to reoffend. Absent from the majority of the literature is an examination of the strengths and positive characteristics demonstrated by JSOs that may prove useful in both reducing recidivism and increasing the likelihood of achieving positive outcomes (i.e., demonstrating resilience). Research examining known risk factors for sexual and nonsexual recidivism is described. Next, literature on resilience is reviewed, followed by a discussion of this literature in the context of treatment for JSOs. Finally, future directions of research are presented.     

Examining the ‘Conservative Revolution’: Neoliberalism and Social Work Education

Within social work education, there may be a failure to adequately and critically examine neoliberalism and processes of neoliberalization. In this context, those seeking to grasp the meaning of neoliberalism should be attentive to at least six interconnected components: how we might define neoliberalism in relation to the ‘embedded liberalism’ it endeavoured to supplant or displace; the role of the state within neoliberalism; the concept of ‘accumulation by dispossession’ which illuminates how neoliberalism has constantly aimed to redistribute in favour of the rich; the centrality of insecurity and precariousness; the renewed and retrogressive faith in incarceration and, more broadly, what has been termed the ‘new punitiveness’; and how neoliberalism, in practice, is often at variance with the theory and rhetoric. It will be suggested that contemporary interpretations of neoliberalism by, for example, David Harvey and Pierre Bourdieu—along with the insights of Antonio Gramsci—might aid our understanding during a period of, now perhaps, faltering neoliberalization.     

美国霸权、中国的和平发展与中美关系

冷战后国际体系的两个突出特征是美国霸权主导的单极世界与中国的迅速发展。中美两国在当前的国际体系中既存在着结构上的战略矛盾,但由于美国霸权自身的局限性以及中国在迅速发展过程中国内面临的种种困难,特别是中国经济很强的对外依赖性,又使得两国之间的结构性矛盾不至于演变成为无法控制的大规模冲突。由于中美关系之间这种矛盾与合作并存的复杂性,两国关系近年来表现出十分明显的、周期性的起伏不定的突出特点。从近期来看,中美两国在各自的核心利益上并不存在根本冲突;从长远来看,中美两国避免冲突、加强合作符合各自的国家利益;同时,国际政治中权力本质的变化也将改变国际体系中权力分配的变动必然导致大国之间发生冲突的传统认识;另外,外交可以发挥重要的作用,以和平方式促进两国各自的国家利益。     

东亚地区主义与美国东亚霸权

东亚地区合作的思想由来已久,并有着深厚的内在基础。但东亚地区真正起步还是在冷战以后。这个过程与美国东亚霸权紧密相连。某种程度上,东亚地区合作只是美国东亚霸权的附属产品。但美国东亚霸权目标和手段的内在矛盾决定了美国对东亚地区合作的两面性。东亚地区正是充分利用这个两面性,促进了本地区的合作与整合,形成了一股具有内生变量的,不以美国东亚霸权志趣为转移的力量或态势。但随着东亚地区实力的上升和进一步整合,美国这种内在矛盾性将进一步凸现。未来如何化解美国东亚霸权和东亚地区发展这种矛盾成为目前非常紧迫的课题。     

从郑和下西洋看中华民族和平崛起之必然

郑和下西洋,以先于西方人的地理大发现、胜于西方人的航海技术,开创了人类大航海的历史纪元,揭开了世界航运从陆地转向海洋的序幕。十五世纪中国人通过海洋走向世界,为蓝色文明的崛起树起了一尊不朽的丰碑,且永远地成为世界海洋文化史上最辉煌、最珍贵的人类共同遗产和精神财富。人们纪念郑和,在于他所代表的一种文化精神以及所产生的巨大影响。600年过去了,让我们用战略的眼光审视海洋,以冷静的思维及广泛的交往来认识世界、融入世界、走向未来。